Saltwater crocodiles

Why in News?

Recently, Odisha’s saltwater crocodile population increased as per the 2026 annual census conducted in and around Bhitarkanika National Park.

• Saltwater (Estuarine) Crocodile is the largest of all crocodilians, and the largest reptile in the world.
• Scientific name – Crocodylus porosus.
• Habitat – It shows a high tolerance for salinity, being found mostly in coastal waters or around rivers.
• It may also be found in freshwater rivers, and swamps.
• Distribution – Its largest population occurs in Odisha, especially the Bhitarkanika National Park & Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Major concentration in Kanika Wildlife Range, followed by Rajnagar, Mahakalpada (Mahanadi delta), and Gahirmatha ranges.
• It is also found in mangrove forests and coastal areas of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• Characteristics– Largest living reptile with adults exceeding 8 feet.  
• Crocodiles measuring more than 6 feet were categorized as sub-adults and adults.
• Diet – Carnivorous in nature, as it feeds on fish and other aquatic and terrestrial animals.
• Conservation Status –
  • Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 – Schedule I.
  • IUCN Red List – Least Concern
• Threats – Illegal hunting for its meat and eggs, as well as for its commercially valuable skin.
• Habitat loss and habitat alterations.
• Negative attitude towards the species makes conservation measures difficult to implement.

References

1. The Hindu | Odisha’s saltwater crocodile
2. The Times of India | Saltwater Crocodile