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One Liners 04-12-2025
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Government Policies and Interventions
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Samagra Shiksha scheme
Union Education Minister reiterated the Centre’s position that all States will have to abide by conditions laid under the Samagara Shiksha to receive funds.
- It is an integrated scheme for school education covering the entire gamut from pre-school to class XII.
- Aligns with –
- Implementing the recommendation of NEP 2020.
- Supporting States & UTs in implementing RTE Act, 2009.
- Extension for 5 years – From 2021-22 to 2025-26.
- Objective – To ensure that all children have access to quality education with an equitable and inclusive classroom environment.
- Significance – It treats school education as a continuum and is in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal for Education (SDG-4).
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Polity & Governance
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Question Hour
- 1st hour of every parliamentary sitting – During this time, the members ask questions and the ministers usually give answers.
- 3 types of questions
- A starred question (Green) – It is distinguished by an asterisk, requires an oral answer and hence supplementary questions can follow.
- An unstarred question (White) – It requires a written answer and hence, supplementary questions cannot follow.
- A short notice question (Light pink) – It is one that is asked by giving a notice of less than 10 days and answered orally.
- Private member (Yellow)
- A question may be addressed to a private member if the subject matter of the question relates to some Bill, resolution or other matter connected with the business of the House for which that member is responsible.
- The procedure in regard to such question is the same as that followed in the case of questions addressed to a minister.
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Doctor-Population Ratio
- Doctor-Population ratio – 1:811 (Assuming 80% of registered practitioners in both allopathic and AYUSH systems).
- Registered doctors
- Modern Medicine – 13,88,185
- AYUSH System – 7,51,768
- Total registered practitioners – ~21.4 lakh.
- Measures to improve doctors’ availability –
- "Hard-area allowance" for specialist doctors serving in rural and remote areas, and for their residential quarters.
- Negotiable salary to attract specialists, including flexibility with strategies such as “You Quote We Pay Other”.
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Economy
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Aviation Fuel Through Petroleum Pipeline
Officials from the two countries are set to hold a meeting next week in New Delhi.
- Discussion between – India and Nepal.
- Existing pipeline infrastructure –
- Currently, Government-owned Nepal Oil Corporation (NOC) imports petrol and diesel from the Indian Oil Corporation.
- Motihari-Amlekhgunj petroleum pipeline – Since 2017, NOC has been transporting diesel, and expanded its use to include petrol since March 2025.
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IMF Grade for National Accounting
- IMF’s grade to India – C (2nd lowest)
- Key problems –
- Outdated base year (2011-12) for National Accounts, Index of Industrial Production (IIP), and Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- Inability to accurately capture the informal sector.
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India's Smartphone Exports
- U.S – More than 3-fold year-on-year to $1.47 billion despite tariff-related uncertainties threatened to weigh on demand and pricing.
- Worldwide – It raised from $10.68 billion to $15.95 billion in April-October 2025, marking a 49.35% expansion.
- Reason behind growth – India's strategic advantages, scale efficiencies, improved production-linked incentives, deepening vendor ecosystems, and sustained investment from global smartphone majors.
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Agriculture
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Panchagavya
- It is an organic product having the potential to play the role of promoting growth and providing immunity in plant system.
- Consists of 9 products – Cow dung, cow urine, milk, curd, jaggery, ghee, banana, Tender coconut and water.
- Periodicity of spraying
- Pre flowering phase – Once in 15 days, two sprays depending upon duration of crops.
- Flowering and pod setting stage – Once in 10 days, two sprays.
- Fruit / Pod maturation stage – Once during pod maturation.
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Jeevamrut
- It is a natural, microbial-rich fertilizer made from locally available ingredients.
- Meaning – Jeevan means “Life” and Amrit means “Medicinal potion.”
- Formulation –
- Cow Dung – Provides beneficial microbes and acts as a source of organic matter.
- Cow Urine – Contains nitrogen and minerals, which help enrich the soil.
- Jaggery or Molasses – Provides a food source for microorganisms and promotes their growth.
- Gram Flour (Besan) – Acts as a binding agent.
- Water – To mix and dilute the ingredients.
- Advantages – It contains beneficial microorganisms that help improve soil fertility and promote plant growth.
- These microorganisms that enhance nutrient availability to plants and protect them from diseases.
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Beejamrit
- It is an ancient organic formulation commonly used as a seed treatment in organic and natural farming in India.
- This low-cost formulation is primarily a product of dairy excreta and forest soil, often supplemented with limestone.
- Ingredients – Indigenous cow dung, Cow urine, Cow's milk, Lime or bud, Water, Seed, Soil (prefer soil around Banyan tree roots).
- Verified by – National Centre of Organic Farming, Ghaziabad (India).
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Mulching
- Mulch - It is a layer of material applied to the surface of an area of soil.
- It is a widely-practiced gardening technique that is beneficial for plants when done properly.
- It is the act of covering the soil with mulches, such as bark, wood chips, leaves, and other organic material, in order to preserve moisture and improve the condition of the soil.
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