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UPSC Daily Current Affairs| One Liners 03-07-2025

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July 03, 2025

One Liners 03-07-2025

History, Art and Culture

Harappan Discovery in Gujarat

 A 5,300-year-old Early Harappan settlement and burial site was found recently in Lakhapar village, Kutch, Gujarat.

  • Findings - Archaeologists unearthed an Early Harappan living area and a unique burial from around 3300-2600 BCE.
  • Unique Burial -  The burial, a first for Gujarat, was directly in a pit with pottery linked to older Chalcolithic cultures.
  • Signs of Interaction - The site shows Harappan-style buildings and pottery, suggesting trade and interaction with Sindh.
  • Wider Network - This discovery, along with a nearby cemetery, hints at a larger ancient cultural network in Gujarat.
  • Historical Impact - It challenges past ideas, showing different ancient groups lived together and expands our understanding of Early Harappan influence.

Geography

Ghana

India's Prime Minister will make a two-day state visit to Ghana, the first by an Indian PM in over three decades.

  • About Ghana Located in West Africa, Ghana's capital is Accra. It borders Burkina Faso, Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Land Features Ghana has ancient plains, with the Akwapim-Togo Ranges featuring Mount Afadjato, its highest peak.
  • Major Rivers  - The Volta River system is key.
  • Lake Volta - Being one of the world's largest artificial lakes, formed by the Akosombo Dam.
  • Diverse Soils - Ghana's soils vary from common lateritic soils to fertile ochrosols, good for farming, and heavy Akuse clays.
  • Coastal Zones -Less fertile coastal savanna zones are dominated by vleisols and acidic gray earths.

 

Polity & Governance

ELI Scheme: Boosting Jobs in India

The Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme, Recently approved in  aims to create jobs, especially in manufacturing.

  • Launched by  -  Ministry of Labour & Employment
  • Big Goal It's part of a ₹2 lakh crore initiative to help 4.1 crore youth, targeting over 3.5 crore new jobs in two years.
  • Two Main Parts Part A helps new employees, while Part B supports employers.
  • Help for New Employees (Part A) First-time employees (EPFO registered) get one month's salary (up to ₹15,000) in two payments, linked to a financial literacy program.
  • Support for Employers (Part B) Employers get up to ₹3,000 monthly for each new hire (up to ₹1 lakh salary) for two years, with extra benefits for manufacturing jobs.
  • Simple Payments Payments are made directly to employees via Aadhaar and to employers' PAN-linked accounts for transparency.

Bihar Pioneers Mobile e-Voting

Bihar has recently launched India's first mobile e-voting system for local elections, with 70.2% participation via the "E-SECBHR" app.

  •  New system - Allows eligible voters to cast votes remotely using a secure mobile app, developed by C-DAC.
  •  Aims to - Make voting easier for the elderly, disabled, pregnant women, and those far from polling booths, promoting digital access.
  • Procedure - Voters download the app, link their phone number, and verify their ID using facial recognition to vote on election day.
  • Security Features - It uses blockchain technology for secure, unchangeable votes, facial recognition, and strict login rules to prevent tampering.
  • Big Impact - This initiative sets a precedent for digital election reform, with Bibha Kumari being the first to vote by phone, potentially influencing future national elections.

 

International Relations and Issues

Pakistan Leads UN Security Council

On July 1, 2025, Pakistan started its month-long role as President of the UN Security Council. This is a big moment in their two-year term.

  • Pakistan's leadership -is important as global conflicts and crises are increasing.
  • Main Goals - Pakistan aims for transparent leadership, focusing on UN rules, peaceful solutions, and global teamwork.
  • Key Meetings Pakistan's Ambassador Asim Iftikhar Ahmad will lead, with Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar chairing major debates on peace, Palestine, and cooperation with the OIC.
  • Strategic Focus Pakistan plans to discuss India's actions and will influence Afghan peace as chair of the Taliban Sanctions Committee.
  • Crucial Time This presidency happens amid growing global conflicts and demands for UN changes.

Security

INS Udaygiri

 On July 1, 2025, the Indian Navy received INS Udaygiri, a new stealth warship. It's the second of seven advanced Project 17A frigates.

  • Advanced Warships - Project 17A frigates are upgraded versions with better stealth and weapons, capable of operating in deep seas.
  • Smart Construction - Udaygiri was built quickly using a smart "Integrated Construction" method, reflecting India's own design skills.
  • Powerful Features - It has a larger hull, a combined diesel and gas engine, and advanced missiles for defense.
  • Made in India - This project boosts self-reliance, creating over 4,000 direct and 10,000 indirect jobs, involving many small businesses.
  • More to Come - Five more such warships are being built, expected by late 2026, further strengthening India's navy.

Brazil Eyes India's Akash Missile System

Recently Brazil has shown Interest to buy India's Akash Air Defence System after its success in 'Operation Sindoor,' ahead of the 17th BRICS Summit.

  • Akash is - A medium-range, mobile missile system built in India. It protects against enemy aircraft, drones, and missiles.
  • Made in India - DRDO, BDL, and BEL developed Akash as part of the 'Make in India' initiative for self-reliance in defence.
  • Key Features - It has a range of 4.5 to 25 km, flies at supersonic speeds, and can be quickly deployed on mobile platforms.
  • Proven Success - Akash has a strong operational record, proving its effectiveness in real combat situations.
  • Boost for Exports - Brazil's interest highlights Akash's potential for export, boosting India's defence manufacturing and global partnerships.

 

Science

Drones Revolutionize Blood Delivery

 Drones are recently being used to deliver blood and its parts, as shown by an Indian study. This helps in emergencies, especially in hard-to-reach places.

  • Faster Deliveries - Drones are much quicker than cars, cutting delivery times significantly for crucial blood supplies.
  • Keeping Blood Safe - Blood needs to stay at the right temperature to be safe. Drones are being tested to ensure this "cold chain" isn't broken.
  • Drones vs. Roads - A study found drones delivered blood 36 km in 8 minutes, while roads took 55 minutes, proving drones' speed.
  • Challenges Ahead -  Environmental factors and India's varied landscape pose challenges for widespread drone use.
  • Global Success - Other countries like Rwanda and Italy already use drones for blood transport successfully, showing it's a good option.

Kombucha

 A Recent study shows kombucha, a fermented tea, can improve gut bacteria in people with obesity.

  • Kombucha- It's a bubbly, fermented tea, considered a functional food for its digestive and immune benefits.
  • Ingredients- Made from tea and SCOBY (bacteria and yeast), it contains probiotics, antioxidants, vitamins, and organic acids.
  • Health Perks - It helps rebalance gut microbes by increasing good bacteria and reducing harmful ones linked to metabolic issues.
  • Gut Protection - Kombucha's compounds may boost gut mucus, improving the gut barrier and potentially reducing inflammation.
  • Widely Marketed -This tangy, fizzy drink is sold in India as a health-focused beverage, with effects varying by individual.

Japan Launches Climate Satellite

Japan, recently launched the GOSAT-GW satellite, its 50th and final H-2A rocket mission. This satellite monitors greenhouse gases and water cycles.

  • Purpose of GOSAT-GW -  It's the third in Japan's series to collect vital global data on climate-changing gases and water patterns.
  • Built -  JAXA (Japan's space agency) developed it with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries handling the launch.
  • Key Mission Goals - The satellite will track carbon dioxide, methane, ocean temperatures, clouds, and rain to support climate policy.
  • Advanced Features - GOSAT-GW offers highly accurate, real-time data, uniquely focusing on both greenhouse gases and water.
  • Global Impact-  It boosts climate science, aids international agreements like the Paris Agreement, and marks a new era for Japan's space program.

 

Index

Bihar Pioneers Mobile e-Voting

Bihar has recently launched India's first mobile e-voting system for local elections, with 70.2% participation via the "E-SECBHR" app.

  •  New system - Allows eligible voters to cast votes remotely using a secure mobile app, developed by C-DAC.
  •  Aims to - Make voting easier for the elderly, disabled, pregnant women, and those far from polling booths, promoting digital access.
  • Procedure - Voters download the app, link their phone number, and verify their ID using facial recognition to vote on election day.
  • Security Features - It uses blockchain technology for secure, unchangeable votes, facial recognition, and strict login rules to prevent tampering.
  • Big Impact - This initiative sets a precedent for digital election reform, with Bibha Kumari being the first to vote by phone, potentially influencing future national elections.

 

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