Prelims: Current events of national and international importance | Health
Why in News?
Recently, the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) has gained attention amid concerns over rising Sexually Transmitted Infections and preventable causes of female infertility.
- PID – It is an infection of the upper female reproductive system affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
- Symptoms – Lower abdominal pain, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, irregular bleeding, and fever or chills in severe cases.
- Causes – Infection – Bacteria migrating from the vagina and cervix to the pelvic cavity.
- STI Pathogens – Chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections.
- Microbiome Disruption – Douching and scented feminine washes disturb vaginal flora, leading to Bacterial Vaginosis.
- Vulnerable populations – Sexually active women with partners of unknown STI status.
- Women with multiple sexual partners.
- The vagina is self-cleaning due to protective Lactobacillus bacteria.
- Women using vaginal douches or internal cleansers that disrupt natural bacteria balance.
- Progression Stages – Bacteria ascend from the vagina and cervix to the pelvic cavity, causing inflammation.
- It leads to scarring of the fallopian tubes, and infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
- Prevention – It is treatable in early stages, but can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy if untreated.
Reference
TH | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
