Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Why in News?

Recently, the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) has gained attention amid concerns over rising Sexually Transmitted Infections and preventable causes of female infertility.

• PID – It is an infection of the upper female reproductive system affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
• Symptoms – Lower abdominal pain, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pain during intercourse, irregular bleeding, and fever or chills in severe cases.
• Causes – Infection – Bacteria migrating from the vagina and cervix to the pelvic cavity.
• STI Pathogens – Chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections.
• Microbiome Disruption – Douching and scented feminine washes disturb vaginal flora, leading to Bacterial Vaginosis.
• Vulnerable populations – Sexually active women with partners of unknown STI status.
• Women with multiple sexual partners.
• The vagina is self-cleaning due to protective Lactobacillus bacteria.
  • Women using vaginal douches or internal cleansers that disrupt natural bacteria balance.
• Progression Stages – Bacteria ascend from the vagina and cervix to the pelvic cavity, causing inflammation.
• It leads to scarring of the fallopian tubes, and infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
• Prevention – It is treatable in early stages, but can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy if untreated.

Reference

TH | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease