GLP -1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA)

Why in News?

Recent studies have shown that GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) can be used to treat Alzheimer’s and Diabetes.

• GLP-1 RA – These are synthetic drugs that mimic the actions of GLP-1.
• Longer lifetime – By fatty acid acylation that protects GLP-1 from breaking, it’s been able to extend that to up to 160 hours.

Fatty acid acylation is drug molecule attached to a fatty acid, in this case, GLP-1. That will allow the drug to bind to a natural protein called albumin.

Albumin is a protein that plays a crucial role in transporting various substances throughout the body, including fatty acids.

• Feature – It solves druggability problem of GLP-1, by attaching to albumin, that protect the drug from degradation, from being cleared by the kidneys.

Druggability is the ability of a protein to bind a modulator and produce a desired therapeutic effect.

• Availability of GLP-1 RA –They are available in different forms, including injectable medications and, increasingly, oral formulations.
• Uses – Stimulates insulin secretion to lower blood sugar.
• Manages appetite and weight 
• Slows gastric emptying – Contribute to a feeling of fullness and reduce calorie consumption.
• It may have neuroprotective effects, potentially improves conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (as per National Institutes of Health)
• It reduces overall inflammation in the body
• Treatment – Type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Quick facts

Reference

The Indian Express| GLP-1 RA