1) With reference to India’s Aditya?L1 mission, consider the following statements:

1. It detected small, short?lived brightenings in the Sun’s atmosphere hours before major solar flares.
2. These pre?flare transients were observed using the Mg II h filter of SUIT.
3. The L1 orbit enables continuous monitoring without data gaps.

Which of the above are correct?

a. 1 and 2 only

b. 2 and 3 only

c. 1 and 3 only

d. 1, 2 and 3

2) The Integrated Fertilizer Management System (iFMS) is significant because:

a. It is a digital platform connecting production, import, retail sale, and subsidy processing.

b. It was developed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC).

c. It helps detect abnormal purchase patterns and supply gaps.

Which of the above are correct?

a. 1 and 2 only

b. 2 and 3 only

c. 1 and 3 only

d. 1, 2 and 3

3) The Seebeck effect refers to:

a. Voltage generation when two dissimilar materials are subjected to a temperature difference.

b. Magnetic field generation in superconductors.

c. Photon emission from heated semiconductors.

d. Nuclear fusion triggered by heat gradients.

4) India–Uzbekistan Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) includes:

1. A long?term uranium supply arrangement for civilian nuclear power.
2. Cooperation in mining and geology of critical minerals.
3. Bilateral trade target of USD 5 billion by 2030.

Which of the above are correct?

a. 1 and 2 only

b. 2 and 3 only

c. 1 and 3 only

d. 1, 2 and 3

5) Vacuum birefringence, recently observed near magnetar 1E 1547.0?5408, is:

a. A phenomenon where vacuum behaves like a birefringent crystal under strong magnetic fields.

b. A classical physics concept describing empty space.

c. Caused by gravitational lensing near black holes.

d. Observed only in laboratory superconductors.