1) With reference to the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM), recently seen in the news, consider the following statements
It is a bilateral mechanism proposed by Japan to facilitate the diffusion of low-carbon technologies and infrastructure in partner countries.
The mechanism operates in accordance with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and contributes to the achievement of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of participating countries.
It functions under the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and is intended to complement international carbon market mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
Under the JCM, all carbon credits generated from emission reduction projects are exclusively allocated to the host country.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer : b
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct – JCM is a bilateral framework proposed by Japan in 2013 to promote the adoption of advanced low-carbon technologies, systems and infrastructure in partner countries through Japanese investments.
Statement 2 is correct – The mechanism operates in line with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and helps both participating countries achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Statement 3 is correct – JCM functions under the UNFCCC framework and complements existing international carbon market mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI).
Statement 4 is incorrect – A key feature of the JCM is that the emission reductions are quantified and a portion of the resulting carbon credits is allocated to Japan, not exclusively to the host country
2) With reference to Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs), consider the following statements:
NMHCs are a group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) consisting only of carbon and hydrogen, with methane excluded from the group.
They are primarily emitted from fossil fuel combustion, vehicular exhaust, industrial processes, and biomass burning.
In the presence of sunlight and nitrogen oxides, NMHCs contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and photochemical smog.
All NMHCs are chemically inert and have no direct influence on the atmospheric lifetime of greenhouse gases.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer : a
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct – Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are a subset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with methane specifically excluded.
Statement 2 is correct – Major sources of NMHCs include fossil fuel combustion, vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning.
Statement 3 is correct – NMHCs act as ozone precursors. In the presence of sunlight and nitrogen oxides (NOx), they undergo photochemical reactions that produce ground-level (tropospheric) ozone and photochemical smog.
Statement 4 is incorrect – NMHCs are highly reactive, not inert. By reacting with atmospheric radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (OH), they influence atmospheric chemistry and affect the lifetime of greenhouse gases, thereby impacting climate
3) The Mombasa Declaration is related to which one of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer : a
Explanation
Option a is correct – The Mombasa Declaration was officially adopted by 15 national governments at the 11th Our Ocean Conference in Mombasa, Kenya.
The primary purpose of this international agreement is to advance global fisheries transparency and combat Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing.
It urges governments to increase transparency by improving public access to information on fishing vessels, their ownership, and licensing.
4) The Abhigyan app launched by which one of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer : a
Explanation
The Abhigyan app was launched by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). It is a centralized mobile platform designed to assist police personnel in the field.
By connecting to the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS), it allows officers to scan fingerprints using certified portable scanners.
It can help instantly verify an individual's criminal history within 35 seconds.
Q5. Story: A student living alone away from home posts a sad message online saying he feels lonely and like a burden to everyone. Within an hour, his post gets 100 automatic "stay strong" emojis and likes, but not a single person actually calls him or visits his room to see if he is okay.
What truth about modern technology does this show?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer : b
Correct Answer: B
Solution: Technology makes it easy to send a quick emoji, but it often lacks real depth. We need genuine human connection—like a real phone call or a physical visit—to help someone who is struggling.
