Q1) DNA barcoding in biodiversity studies is significant because it:
Which of the above is/are correct?
Answer: a
Explanation: DNA barcoding integrates molecular tools with taxonomy, resolving species ambiguities (1). It also reveals Gondwanan affinities and evolutionary isolation (2). It is not limited to vertebrates — applied across plants, insects, microbes.
Q2) The discovery of the Loktak Protocluster contributes to our understanding of:
Answer: b
Explanation: Loktak Protocluster, observed 12.6 billion years ago, represents primitive galaxy clustering when the universe was 1.2 billion years old. It highlights early cosmic structures, not terrestrial ecology or tectonics.
3) Which of the following features correctly describe Gynacantha khasiaca rediscovered in Arunachal Pradesh?
Select the correct code:
Answer: a
Explanation: The dragonfly is crepuscular (1) and rediscovered after 110 years, last noted in 1914 (2). It is not endemic to Arunachal — also recorded in Assam, Maharashtra, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
4) Hydrogen fuel cell technology in Indian Railways is expected to:
Which is/are correct?
Answer: d
Explanation: Hydrogen fuel cell trains reduce fossil fuel dependence (1), emit only water vapour (2), and directly support Indian Railways’ legally binding target of becoming a Net Zero Carbon Emitter by 2030 (3). This aligns with the “Hydrogen for Heritage” initiative and broader decarbonisation efforts.
5) The Sarthak?PDS scheme approved in 2026 seeks to:
Answer: b
Explanation: Sarthak?PDS integrates intra?state transport support and SMART?PDS reforms. It modernises PDS, enhances dealer margins, digitises ration cards, and uses AI/ML/blockchain for transparency. It does not replace PMGKAY or decentralise procurement.
