Q1). The "Special Majority" required for a Constitutional Amendment Bill under Article 368 involves:
Answer: A
Explanation: Under Article 368, most constitutional amendments require a "Special Majority." This consists of a majority (more than 50%) of the total membership of each House AND a majority of two-thirds of the members of each House present and voting. The 131st Amendment Bill failed because it only received 298 votes in favor, while the required two-thirds of those present (528) was 352.
Q2). In the context of Indian polity, the term "Delimitation" refers to:
Answer: B Explanation: Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of Lok Sabha and State Assembly seats to ensure that each seat represents an approximately equal number of voters, upholding the principle of "one person, one vote, one value."
Q3. Which of the following scientific missions was primarily responsible for the most precise mapping of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) to project the early expansion rate?
Answer: C Explanation: The Planck Satellite (European Space Agency) is renowned for providing the most detailed "snapshot" of the early universe via the CMB. Its data leads to a Hubble Constant value of 67.4 km/s/Mpc. In contrast, JWST and Hubble focus on the "Late Universe" measurements using stars and supernovae.
Q4). In the context of space science, the term "Hubble Tension" refers to:
Answer:
B Explanation: Hubble Tension refers to the 9% discrepancy in the Hubble Constant value when measured using two different methods: the "Local Distance Ladder" (Late Universe) and the "CMB Method" (Early Universe). Both methods are now so precise that this gap is considered a crisis in the standard model of cosmology.
Q5). Azerbaijan shares a land boundary with which of the following countries?
Russia
Georgia
Turkey
Iran
Armenia
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Answer:C
Explanation: Azerbaijan shares land boundaries with Russia (North), Georgia (Northwest), Armenia (West), and Iran (South). Additionally, its exclave, Nakhchivan, shares a small border with Turkey to the west. Therefore, all five countries share a land border with Azerbaijan.
