Explanation

• Option b is correct – The Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Diclofenac have been in the news primarily because they are linked to the significant mortality of flying scavengers like vultures.
• When vultures consume the carcasses of livestock that have been administered diclofenac shortly before death, the drug causes acute kidney failure and death in the birds.
• The use of diclofenac as a veterinary painkiller led to a catastrophic decline of over 95% in South Asian vulture populations (specifically Gyps species) between the 1990s and the mid-2000s.
• The government of India banned the veterinary use of diclofenac in 2006
  • Later restricted the sale of human formulation vials to 3ml (single dose) in 2015 to prevent its misuse on cattle.

Explanation

• Option a is correct – The Eligible Manufacturer Importer (EMI) Scheme was introduced by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) following an announcement in the Union Budget 2026–27.
• It serves as a trust-based facilitation measure allowing trusted manufacturers to clear imported goods without paying Customs duty upfront at the port.
• The eligibility Criteria includes Strong Customs and GST compliance, turnover, sound financial standing and a clean past track record.
• The scheme creates a new category, Eligible Manufacturer Importers (EMIs), with duty payable on a monthly basis instead of at import.

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Explanation

• The drug Zongertinib is marketed as Hernexeos, is a Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).
• Tyrosine kinase is a protein in the body that helps control how cells grow and function by sending signals inside the cell.
• Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a kind of targeted therapy, work by blocking tyrosine kinase enzymes, stopping cancer cells from growing and dividing.

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Explanation

• 1 is correct – The naturally dark area must have minimal artificial light pollution to allow celestial objects like the Milky Way and distant planets to be clearly visible.
• 2 is correct – Dry weather i.e Low humidity reduces the amount of moisture in the air, which can otherwise scatter light and create a "haze" that obscures faint stars.
• 3 is correct – Consistent cloud-free conditions are essential for both casual stargazing and professional astronomical observations.
• 4 is incorrect –  High levels of artificial lighting cause light pollution, which drowns out the natural light from stars and disrupts nocturnal ecosystems.
• Dark Sky Parks are specifically designated to be protected from such illumination.

Explanation

• Statement 1 is incorrect – The Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Maharashtra is India's first Dark Sky Park and is the 5th in Asia.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – India’s first Dark Sky Reserve, known as the Hanle Dark Sky Reserve (HDSR), is located in the Hanle village of the Ladakh Union Territory.
• It was officially notified by the Government of Ladakh in December 2022.

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