Explanation

• Statement 1 is incorrect – A bill introduced in Parliament by any Member of Parliament (MP) who is not a Minister (elected/nominated) is referred to as a private member's bill.
• As per Article 368, a Constitutional Amendment Bill can be initiated in either House of Parliament by either a Minister or a Private Member.
• It does not require prior recommendation from the President.
• Statement 2 is correct – Under the rules of procedure for both Houses of Parliament,
• a Member of Parliament who is not a minister (a private member) must give at least one month's prior notice before introducing a bill.
• Statement 3 is correct – So far, only 14 Private Member’s Bills have become law in India since Independence, with the last one becoming law in 1970.

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Explanation

• Recently, the “Socio-Economic Impact Analysis of Incentive Scheme for Promotion of RuPay Debit Card and low-value BHIM-UPI (Person-to-Merchant) Transactions” was released at Chintan Shivir 2026.
• Its objective is accelerating universal adoption of digital payments, reducing dependence on cash, and formalising routine economic activity.
• It is released by Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance.

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Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – Genome editing (or gene editing) typically involves making precise changes (insertions, deletions, or replacements) directly within the organism's existing DNA.
• In contrast, traditional genetic engineering often involves the introduction of foreign genetic material (transgenes) from a different species to create a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO).
• Statement 2 is correct – CRISPR-Cas9 is a widely used and revolutionary technology for genome editing.
• It uses a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to a specific location in the DNA, where it acts as "molecular scissors" to cut and modify the sequence.

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Explanation

• Thwaites Glacier is a massive glacier in West Antarctica, roughly the size of a large country.
• It is often called the “Doomsday Glacier” due to its potential impact on global sea levels.
• It sits on land that slopes downward inland, dipping below sea level—making it vulnerable to warm ocean water flowing underneath.
• It Acts like a brace that slows the glacier’s movement. As it thins or breaks, the glacier accelerates and loses more ice.

Explanation

• Option a is correct – PERT (Prime-Editing-mediated Readthrough of premature Termination codons).
• This technique uses a normal tRNA (transfer RNA) to create a suppressor tRNA permanently.
• The suppressor tRNA bypasses early stop signals so a full protein is made.
• Hence, the PERT technique becomes applicable to many rare genetic diseases.

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