Explanation

• Statement 1 is incorrect – Article 270 provides for the scheme of distribution of net tax proceeds collected by the Central government between the Centre and the States.
• Article 269 of the Indian Constitution pertains to taxes that are levied and collected by the Government of India (Union) but are assigned to the states.
• These taxes relate specifically to interstate trade, commerce, and specific duties, ensuring revenue is distributed to states to support fiscal federalism.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – The taxes that are shared between the Centre and the States include:
  • Corporation tax
  • Personal income tax
  • Central Goods and Services Tax (GST)
  • Centre’s share of the Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) etc.
• This division is based on the recommendation of the Finance Commission that is constituted every five years as per the terms of Article 280.

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Explanation

• 1 , 2, 3 are correct – the provision added by 97^th CAA includes the following
• Article 19(1)(c) – The amendment added the words "or co-operative societies" to this article, making the right to form cooperative societies a fundamental right for all citizens.
• Article 43B – This new article was inserted into the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV).
• It directs the State to promote the voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of cooperative societies.
• Part IX B – A new part titled "The Co-operative Societies" (Articles 243ZH to 243ZT) was added to provide a constitutional framework for their incorporation, regulation, and functioning.
• 4 is incorrect – Article 21A provides the right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14, was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002.

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Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – Mugger Crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) are primarily found in freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, marshes, and even artificial ponds.
• They are also known to tolerate saltwater and can occasionally be found in coastal saltwater lagoons and estuaries.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – Mugger Crocodiles are not endemic to India.
• While they are native to the Indian subcontinent, their geographic range extends to other countries including Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Iran.
• They are, however, considered extinct in Bhutan and Myanmar.

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Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – They are endemic to the Western Ghats, being found only in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – It is Arboreal (lives in tree canopies) and Diurnal (active during the day).
• It is a social animal, living in groups of 30-40 animals.
• It is polygynous (Mating system or marriage practice where one male mates with or marries multiple females simultaneously) in nature.
• Statement 3 is correct – These are the only macaque species in which males use loud calls to mark territorial boundaries.

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Explanation

• Option a is correct – Vishwamitri River is a non-perennial river located in Vadodara, Gujarat.
• It is situated between two major perennial rivers, namely the Mahi and the Narmada.
• It starts from the Pavagadh hills in Gujarat. It flows westward through Vadodara, joining the Dhadhar and Jambuva tributaries.
• Finally, it empties into the Arabian Sea via the Gulf of Khambhat.

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