Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – Both the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) and Pax Silica Initiative are indeed United States-led initiatives, focused on securing critical technology and material supply chains.
• Both aim to reduce dependence on China by fostering alliances for minerals, AI, and semiconductors.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – India is not a member of Pax Silica framework, but it is a member of Mineral Security Partnership.
• Because India have, at the time, nascent semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem and limited advanced, indigenous, and "critical" technology compared to the founding members.

Explanation

• Option b is the correct answer.
• China conducted large-scale military exercises around Taiwan on December 29–30, 2025, codenamed “Justice Mission-2025.”
• China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs described the mission as a deterrent against “separatist forces,” reinforcing Beijing’s long-standing claim that Taiwan is a breakaway province.

Explanation

• Statement 1 is incorrect – It is released by NITI Aayog, since its first edition was published in August 2020.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – It aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the export preparedness of India’s States and Union Territories.
• Its objectives include – to recognize diverse subnational economies and promote cooperative federalism.
  • Assess subnational export strength, resilience and inclusiveness.
  • Identify challenges, growth levers and policy opportunities.

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Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – India ranks 4th globally in Renewable Energy Installed Capacity, 4th in Wind Power, and 3rd in Solar Power capacity.
• India's solar generation has grown significantly, increasing 17 times between 2015 and 2023.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – India is the world's third-largest producer of electricity, after China and the United States.
• Statement 3 is correct – As of September 30, 2025, India’s total installed electricity capacity officially surpassed 500 GW, reaching 500.89 GW.
• This milestone was achieved five years ahead of the 2030 target,
• with non-fossil fuel sources (renewables, large hydro, and nuclear) comprising over 51% (256.09 GW) of the total, underscoring a major shift toward sustainable energy.

Explanation

• Statement 1 is incorrect – It is a Central Sector Scheme aimed at establishing clear property ownership in rural inhabited (Abadi) areas using drone and GIS technology.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – Ministry of Panchayati Raj is the nodal agency of the scheme.

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