Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – Article 143 empowers the President of India to seek the SC’s advisory opinion on any question of law or fact that is of public importance and is likely to arise or has already arisen.
• This provision establishes the SC’s advisory jurisdiction, which is exclusive to the President.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – Advice tendered by Supreme Court to the president is not binding.
• Statement 3 is incorrect – Under Article 143 (1), The President may refer any question of law or fact of public importance which has arisen or which is likely to arise.
• Here, the Supreme Court may tender or may refuse to tender its opinion to the president.
• Article 143(2) allows the President to refer disputes arising from out of any pre-constitution treaty, agreement, covenant, or other similar instruments.
• The SC must tender its opinion to the President.
• Statement 4 is incorrect – So far only 16 presidential references has been made.

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Explanation

• Statements 1 and 2 are correct – Dark patterns are tricks used to manipulate users into taking actions they didn't intend to, such as making unintended purchases or signing up for unwanted services.
• It includes adding extra items to a consumer's cart without their knowledge, creating a false sense of urgency by claiming limited stock availability, etc.
• Examples of Dark patterns include Nagging, Trick wording, Drip pricing, False urgency, Saas Billing etc.

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Explanation

• Option a is correct – The Raulane Festival is a unique and sacred winter festival celebrated in Himachal Pradesh's Kinnaur district.
• This ancient festival honours celestial fairies, known as Saunis, said to be radiant and gentle beings.
• The locals believe that the Saunis protect villagers during harsh winters by offering warmth and guidance.

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Explanation

• Aluminum is used in a wide variety of applications due to its lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and reflective properties.
• Key uses include packaging (cans, foil), construction (window frames, roofing), transportation (aircraft, car bodies), and consumer goods (utensils, electronics).
• It's also essential for electrical components like power lines and is used in making alloys for a range of durable, high-strength products. 
• India has enough capacity to produce aluminium domestically, but about 55% of its demand in 2026 is expected to be met through imports.

Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – Males are generally taller than females and tusks are absent in females, unlike males. The height in males - up to 9 feet and females - up to 7.9 feet.
• More than 60% of the world’s elephant population is in India.
• Statement 2 is incorrect – Karnataka has the highest number of elephants (6,049) followed by Assam (5,719) and Kerala (3,054).