Explanation

• Statement 1 is incorrect – Pay Commission is the temporary body, which constituted periodically for every 10 years by the Central Government.
• Its purpose is to examine and recommend changes into various issues of emoluments structure, retirement benefits and other service conditions of Central Government employees.
• It comes under the department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance.
• Statement 2 is correct – The 8th Central Pay Commission was announced in January 2025, and its Terms of Reference (ToR) were officially approved by the Union Cabinet on October 28, 2025, thereby formally constituting the commission.
• The 8th Pay Commission is tasked with reviewing the pay, allowances, and pension structures of central government employees.
• It is expected to submit its report within 18 months of its constitution, with recommendations likely to be implemented from January 1, 2026.

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Explanation

• Statement 1 is correct – Recently, NCBS and ICTS announce establishment of Centre for Artificial Learning and Intelligence for Biological Research and Education (CALIBRE) located at Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• It will be an interdisciplinary centre dedicated to advancing the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in biological research, education and innovation.
• Statement 2 is correct – It will cover a wide range of biological scales, from molecules to forest ecosystems, and apply AI to fields such as medicine, agriculture, public health, and ecology to provide science-based solutions.
• The initiative focuses on "AI for Biology and Biology for AI," will serve as the national hub where biological insight meets AI innovation.

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Explanation

• Statements 1 and 3 are correct – Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) is a school-based programme where students will stage mock Gram Sabha sessions, much like the popular Model United Nations or youth parliaments.
• The students in grades 9 to 12 will act as sarpanch, ward members, and villagers, debating issues and passing resolutions on matters that affect community life.
• Statement 2 is correct – It is launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj in collaboration with Ministry of Education and Tribal Affairs in a phased manner, across more than 1,000 schools nationwide.

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Explanation

• Option d is correct – Recently, the Adaptation Gap Report: Running on Empty, 2025 is released by UNEP.
• It reports about how international financial flows are failing to keep pace with accelerating climate impacts.
• It is released ahead of COP30 of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Belem, Brazil next month.
• Key findings – By 2035, developing countries will require $310-365 billion annually, nearly 12 times more than their current funds i.e., gets from the developed countries.
• The private sector is not contributing enough, but with targeted policy action & blended finance solutions, its contribution could increase significantly, potentially reaching $50 billion per year.

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Explanation

• Both the given statements 1 and 2 are correct.
• MAHA MedTech aims to accelerate innovation in India’s medical technology sector, reduce reliance on high-cost imports, and promote equitable access to affordable and high-quality medical technologies.