Global Supply Chain Pressure Index (GSCPI)

• The GSCPI tracks the state of global supply chains using data from the transportation and manufacturing sectors.
• The index is updated at or shortly after 10:00 a.m. on the fourth business day of each month.
• It is an initiative of Federal Reserve Bank of New York. (Statement 2 is incorrect)
• The GSCPI is not an official estimate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, its President, the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Open Market Committee.
• The GSCPI is a product of the Applied Macroeconomics and Econometrics Center (AMEC).

Group of Friends of Traditional Medicine (GFTM)

The 6^th Meeting of the Group of Friends of Traditional Medicine (GFTM) was successfully held recently, at the Permanent Mission of India (PMI) in Geneva.

• The Group of Friends of Traditional Medicine (GFTM) was created by India in May 2023.
• It is an informal platform that allows WHO member states to discuss and support the integration of traditional medicine into health systems.
• India’s Permanent Mission to the UN in Geneva, has hosted the meeting, reaffirmed its commitment to furthering international cooperation on traditional and integrative healthcare solutions, in alignment with WHO guidelines and national policies.

United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF)

• United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) – It is a functional body under the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
• Establish – 2000
• Objectives – To promote the management, conservation, and sustainable development of all types of forests.
• To strengthen long-term political commitment to forest-related goals globally.
• It aids to promote discussions on forest financing, forest fires, certification, climate resilience, and ecosystem valuation.

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Zero-Emission Trucking

• Zero-Emission Trucks (ZETs) – They are vehicles powered by clean energy sources like electricity or hydrogen, producing no tailpipe emissions.
• They can lower carbon emissions by 44% to 79% compared to diesel trucks and are more sustainable transport mode.
• It can help India improve logistics efficiency, lower costs, improve air quality, and reduce environmental impact.
• PM E-DRIVE scheme was launched in 2024 by the Ministry of Heavy Industries to promote the adoption of zero-emission transport (ZET) solutions.

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UN Charter's Article 51: Right to Self-Defence

Article 51 of the UN Charter (1945) enshrines the inherent right of member states to individual or collective self-defence against armed attacks until Security Council intervention.

• Foundation of International Law - The UN Charter, signed in 1945 and effective that year, is a legally binding international treaty outlining core principles of international relations, including state sovereignty and the prohibition of force.
• Context and Purpose of Self-Defence - Established to provide a legal basis for self-preservation, Article 51 acknowledges states' fundamental right to defend against aggression, crucial for national sovereignty and collective security.
• Key Elements of Article 51 - The article permits self-defence if an armed attack occurs, mandating immediate reporting of such actions to the Security Council to prevent misuse of this right.
• Application in Interstate Conflicts - Primarily invoked in cases of direct state-on-state aggression, responses under Article 51 must be proportional and necessary to the threat.
• Controversies in Counterterrorism - The use of Article 51 in counterterrorism against non-state actors is debated, with critics questioning if such actions meet the threshold of an "armed attack."
• India, Pakistan, and Article 51 - The India-Pakistan conflict, with India's Operation Sindoor and Pakistan's invocation of Article 51, highlights the complex interpretation and application of self-defence in contemporary security challenges.