Urban heat island (UHI)

• A phenomenon that occurs when a city experiences much warmer ambient temperatures than nearby rural areas.
• Impacts – Increased energy consumption, air pollution, heat-related health issues and stress on nearby ecosystems.
• Dual impact of UHI on mortality – While heat islands increase heat-related deaths in hot seasons, they can reduce cold-related deaths in cooler conditions
• Heat-related mortality – UHI increases temperatures in hotter seasons, leading to higher heat exposure and subsequent deaths, particularly in summer.
• Cold-related mortality – In cooler seasons, the warmer urban temperatures reduce cold-related deaths by mitigating extreme cold exposure.

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11th BRICS Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting 2025

• 2025 meeting – Slogan of “Strengthening the Cooperation of the Global South for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”.
• Key Outcomes – The declaration commits BRICS nations to
  • Promote inclusive AI policies that balance innovation with worker protection.
  • Advance social dialogue to ensure fair climate transitions.
  • Strengthen South-South cooperation on labour governance, digital inclusion, and green job creation.

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Greater Similipal Landscape Programme

• It is a conservation initiative by the Odisha Forest Department to conserve Similipal national park and its surrounding ecological corridors.
• Key Components of the programme:
• AI-powered camera towers systems for real-time wildlife monitoring and poaching prevention.

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Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA)

• CARA – It acts as the nodal body for adoption of orphan, abandoned and surrendered Indian children through its associated /recognised adoption agencies.
• Set up – 1990
• Legality – It is a statutory body through Section 68 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

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Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA)

• IGNCA – It is visualised as a centre encompassing the study and experience of all the arts.
• It envisions to place the arts within the context of the natural and human environment.
• Established in – 1987 as an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture.
• Recently, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) launched Essential Book on the Preservation and Interpretation of India's Manuscript Heritage.

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