Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi (PBPB)

• Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi (PBPB) is an Early Childhood Care and Education Program (ECCE) to help India develop the high-quality pre-school network at AnganwadiCenters (AWCs).
• Under the programme, steps have been taken to bolster early childhood care and education and good nutrition practices through development.
• PBPB is not a separate scheme but is a programme component under ECCE of Anganwadi services under Mission Poshan 2.0.
• The implementation of PBPB includes conducting Capacity Building trainings for Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) functionaries.
• The objectives of the training program include:
  • Promoting early stimulation for the first 1000 days and ECCE for children 3-6 years of age.
  • Developing early childhood care and education understanding of Anganwadi Workers.
  • Emphasizing developmental domains such as socio-emotional-ethical, physical and motor, cognitive, etc., and the development of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN).
  • Reinforcing nutrition knowledge of Anganwadi Workers.

DISHA Scheme

• DISHA - Designing Innovative Solutions for Holistic Access to Justice.
• It scheme aims to design and consolidate various initiatives to provide citizen- centric delivery of legal services enunciated under Articles 39A, 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India.
• The scheme is launched for a period of five years 2021-2026 to advance the cause of access to justice.
• The scheme was introduced by Department of Justice.
• It aids to create awareness and dissemination through use of technology and developing simplified Information, Education and Communication (IEC) material for the masses.
• The 3 subcomponents under the scheme includes:
  • Tele-Law: Reaching the Unreached – An e-interface platform that aims to empower people through pre-litigation advice for rightfully claiming their entitlements and for timely redressal of their difficulties.
  • Nyaya Bandhu (Pro Bono Legal Services) – Aims to provide free legal assistance and counsel to the marginalized sections.
  • Legal Literacy and Legal Awareness – Aims to enable the vulnerable sections of society to have access to information about their legal rights, entitlements.
    • It also creates better legal awareness so as to make justice delivery system citizen-centric.

100 Microsites Project

• The National Health Authority (NHA) has introduced the 100 Microsites Project under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM).
• The primary goal of the Microsites is to create small ecosystems within specific geographic areas where complete ABDM adoption is achieved, ensuring the digitization of the entire patient journey.
• Intended objectives of the project
  • Targeted adoption efforts in private sector
  • Showcase end-to-end ABDM adoption
  • On-Ground response and feedback
• A Microsite is a focused region comprising of all small-medium sized healthcare facilities such as clinics, hospitals, labs, pharmacies within that area, which may be on-boarded onto the ABDM ecosystem.
  • Category A Microsite: Consists of at least 1000 Healthcare facilities
  • Category B Microsite: Consists of 500 to 1000 Healthcare facilities
• One State/UT can implement multiple Microsites.
• The project will be implemented by State Mission Directors of Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission.
• The financial resources and overall guidance would be provided by National Health Authority.
• Primary responsibility to run a Microsite is with the States/UTs.

Tiger Reserve

• Tiger Reserve is a legally declared protected area dedicated to the conservation of Tiger.
• Project Tiger was launched by the Government of India in the year 1973 to save the endangered species of tiger in the country.
• As on January, 2023 there are 53 tiger reserve in India.

• Udanti Sitanadi - Chattisgarh.
• Melghat - Maharashtra.
• Kawal - Telangana.
• Bhadra - Karnataka.

Finance Commission

• Article 280 provides for a Finance Commission as a quasi-judicial body.
• The Finance Commission consists of a chairman and four other members to be appointed by the president.
• They hold office for such period as specified by the president in his order and they are eligible for reappointment.
• The Constitution authorises the Parliament to determine the qualifications of members of the commission and the manner in which they should be selected.
• It is required to make recommendations to the President on the following matters:
  • The distribution of the net proceeds of taxes to be shared between the Centre and the states and the allocation between the states, the respective shares of such proceeds.
  • The principles which should govern the grants-in-aid to the states by the Centre.
  • Any other matter referred to it by the President in the interests of sound finance.

15th Finance Commission

• The 15th  Finance Commission was constituted on 27 November 2017.
• Shri N.K. Singh is the chairman of 15th Finance Commission.
• Criteria set by 15th Finance Commission includes:
  • Income distance - A state with lower per capita income will have a higher share to maintain equity among states.
  • Demographic performance - States with a lower fertility ratio will be scored higher on this criterion.
  • Forest and ecology - It was arrived by calculating the share of the dense forest of each state in the total dense forest of all the states.
  • Tax and fiscal efforts - It is measured as the ratio of the average per capita own tax revenue and the average per capita state GDP during the three years between 2016-17 and 2018-19.