6G is built upon the infrastructure of 5G and it is hoped that it will accomplish more than 5G in terms of adoption, reduction of cost, and better service.

6G

• 6G is built upon the infrastructure of 5G and it is hoped that it will accomplish more than 5G in terms of adoption, reduction of cost, and better service.
• While 5G provided less than 1ms latency, 6G provides less than 0.1ms latency.
• 6G will operate on the mid bands (7 – 20 GHz) for places that are crowded, low bands (460 – 694 MHz) for long-distance coverage, and use sub-THz for peak data rates in the short range of up to 100 Gbps.
• 6G will also use significantly advanced network devices, including MIMO (multiple input, multiple outputs) antennas.
• While 4G uses 2x2 MIMO and 4x4MIMO, and 5G uses around 200 antenna elements, 6G may support up to 1024 antenna elements.

Russia keeps the Tricolour on its Soyuz rocket, covers up flags of other countries.

OneWeb

• OneWeb is a global communications company that aims to deliver broadband satellite Internet around the world.
• It is done through its fleet of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.
• OneWeb satellites are built at a OneWeb and Airbus joint venture facility in Florida that can produce up to two satellites a day.
• The launch roll-out of the satellites is facilitated by French company Arianespace using Russian-made Soyuz rockets.
• The company has announced plans to enter the Indian market by this year.

Multiple agencies are probing the National Stock Exchange (NSE) co-location scam, in which many former top officials including former CEOs Chitra Ramakrishna and Ravi Narain are under a cloud.

Co-Location

• Co-location is typically associated with a facility where a third party can lease a rack/server space along with other computer hardware.
• Co-location facility provides infrastructure such as power supply, bandwidth, and cooling for setting up servers and storage of data.
• There are allegations that some brokers who had leased space at the NSE co-location facility were able to log on to the NSE’s systems faster with better hardware specifications while engaged in algorithmic trading.
• Even a split-second faster access is believed to result in huge gains for a trader.
• At that time NSE used to disseminate information through unicast, which is a single, direct request sent from one host to another, with only those hosts interacting over the route.

The International Criminal Court has announced that it will open an investigation into possible war crimes committed by Russia in Ukraine.

War Crime

• War crimes are defined as serious violations of humanitarian laws during a conflict.
• The definition, established by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) is derived from the 1949 Geneva Conventions.
• It is based on the idea that individuals can be held liable for the actions of a state or its military.
• The UN Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect separate war crimes from genocide and crimes against humanity.
• War crimes are defined as occurring in a domestic conflict or a war between two states.
• While genocide and crimes against humanity can happen in peacetime or during the unilateral aggression of a military towards a group of unarmed people.
• There is a long list of acts that can be considered war crimes.
• The taking of hostages, willful killings, torture or inhuman treatment of prisoners of war, and forcing children to fight are some of the more obvious examples.
• Raids on cities or villages, bombing residential buildings or schools, and even the killing of groups of civilians do not necessarily amount to war crimes - not if their military necessity is justified.
• Not every civilian death is necessarily illegal.

The International Criminal Court has announced that it will open an investigation into possible war crimes committed by Russia in Ukraine.

International Criminal Court (ICC)

• The ICC, a permanent judicial body based at The Hague in the Netherlands, was created by the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (its founding and governing document).
• The forum was established as a court of last resort to prosecute offenses that would otherwise go unpunished.
• It has jurisdiction over four main crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
• 123 nations are States Parties to the Rome Statute and recognize the ICC’s authority.
• With the notable exceptions being the US, China, Russia, and India.
• Unlike the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the ICC is not part of the United Nations system.
• The ICC prosecutes individuals– its authority extends to offenses committed in a member state or by a national of such a state.