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One Liners 28-07-2026
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Polity & Governance
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Prevention of Insults to National Honour (Amendment) Bill, 2026
Prevention of Insults to National Honour (Amendment) Bill, 2026 has been introduced in Rajya Sabha recently.
- It amends Section 3 of the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 to explicitly cover Vande Mataram alongside Jana Gana Mana.
- It criminalizes intentionally preventing the singing of the national song or causing a disturbance to any assembly or gathering engaged in singing it.
- Penalties – Imprisonment for 3 years, a monetary fine, or both for initial violations, with mandatory minimum 1-year imprisonment terms for subsequent convictions.
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Right to Peaceful And Lawful Protest
- Supreme Court of India officially reaffirmed that the right to peaceful and lawful protest is absolutely guaranteed under the Constitution.
- The mere existence of a public agitation cannot justify police excesses, such as a lathi-charge.
- Due to the rising friction during mass demonstrations, the Supreme Court stated it is considering framing an all-India uniform protocol to regulate police conduct.
- The use of projectile-action guns (PAGs) or pellet guns loaded with wholly or partly metallic pellets for crowd dispersal fails the constitutional tests of necessity, proportionality and reasonableness.
- It amounts to an unconstitutional fetter on the right to freedom of assembly guaranteed under Article 19(1)(b) of the Constitution.
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International Relations and Issues
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Spain National Emergency
The Spanish government has declared a national emergency recently.
- This marks the first time in Spanish history that a national emergency declared specifically for a wildfire crisis.
- The wildfire driven by an intense summer heatwave with temperatures exceeding 39°C and relentless winds, the blazes have expanded exponentially.
- Note – A national emergency in India is a special power under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution that allows the President to take central control during war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
- It has been declared three times in history: in 1962, 1971, and 1975.
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Agriculture
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Integrated farming in Northeast India
Farmers in Northeast India adapting the integrated farming practices in present days
- Background – Agriculture in Northeast India depended largely on commercial crops and chemical inputs for years.
- Herbicides became common as labour costs rose and weeds flourished in the region’s heavy rainfall.
- The soil was losing its strength, and even beneficial insects had become scarce.
- Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) – It combine vegetables, fishponds, livestock, pigs, poultry and trees within one farm where output of one component becomes the input for another.
- Features –
- Animal waste becomes manure for crops and fishponds. Crop residues feed livestock.
- Pond water irrigates vegetables during dry periods.
- Instead of treating everything separately, the farm works like one ecosystem.
- The approach is being promoted under the Joint Initiative for Village Advancement (JIVA) programme in parts of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
- Benefits –
- Farmer-to-farmer extension through trained lead farmers.
- Income comes throughout the year.
- Create habitats for birds, insects, fish and soil organisms that often disappear in monoculture landscapes.
Joint Initiative for Village Advancement (JIVA) programme
- It is an agroecology-based natural farming initiative.
- Launched in – 2022.
- Launched by – National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
- It builds upon existing watershed and wadi programs to restore soil health, lower input costs, and build climate resilience.
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Anhydrous Ammonia
Recently Government of India officially approved the manufacturing and use of anhydrous ammonia as a direct fertilizer in agriculture for an initial period of 3 years.
- This strategic policy shift aims to cut India's heavy import dependence on conventional urea (currently importing nearly 10 million tonnes annually).
- It contains a minimum of 82% nitrogen by weight. Conventional urea offers only 46% nitrogen content.
- Higher Fertilizer Efficiency 10% more compared to conventional Urea.
- The policy coordinates with the National Green Hydrogen Mission to source 7.24 lakh metric tonnes of Green Ammonia annually.
- This enables eco-friendly "Green Urea" production via carbon capture facilities like NTPC's NETRA plant in Andhra Pradesh.
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Environment
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Drop of Bird Migration
- Bird migration is declining due to seasonal drop in insect prey.
- As spring arrives, migratory birds move northward in the Himalayas.
- Migration depends on both climate and arthropod (insect & spider) availability.
- Rising temperatures cause arthropods at higher elevations to emerge earlier.
- Birds may arrive on their usual schedule after the peak arthropod abundance has passed.
- This creates a food mismatch, reducing resource availability.
- Insect-eating and ground-feeding birds are the most affected.
- Arthropods are highly temperature-sensitive and undergo diapause (winter dormancy) during frost.
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Dhole (Asiatic wild dogs)
- Dholes mainly preyed on chital and sambar, while large herbivores like gaur and nilgai were rarely consumed despite being present in the habitat.
- Researchers applied DNA metabarcoding to investigate dhole diet that recorded for the species to date, comprising 15 prey species.
- Metabarcoding is a fast way to identify many different species at the same time from a mixed sample using DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and high-throughput sequencing.
- Instead of looking at a single organism, it looks at environmental DNA (eDNA) from soil, water, or air to map whole communities
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Miscellaneous
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World Hepatitis Day
- Observed Annually on – July 28.
- It was first celebrated globally on May 19, 2008, by the World Hepatitis Alliance, before the World Health Organization moved the official date to July 28 in 2010.
- Objective – To raise global awareness of viral liver inflammation and aiming for public health threat elimination by 2030.
- 2026 theme – “Hepatitis: Let's break it down."
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Mirabai Chanu
Mirabai Chanu won India's first gold medal at the Commonwealth Games 2026 in Glasgow, Scotland.
- It is her 3rd consecutive CWG gold in the women's 48kg weightlifting event with a record-breaking total lift of 190kg.
- Previous gold medals – Gold at Gold Coast 2018 and Birmingham 2022 (along with a silver at Glasgow 2014.
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Billionaire club in India
- India's club of ultra-high income earners declaring over Rs 100 crore grew to 576 individuals in Assessment Year 2025–26, representing a 4times fold increase over 5 years.
- The data released by the Ministry of Finance in Parliament highlights this sharp upward trajectory in top-tier taxpayers.
- The government clarified via the Ministry of Finance that "billionaire" has no statutory or legal definition under India's income tax laws.
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