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One Liners 22-07-2026
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History, Art and Culture
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Rare 1857 Mutiny Records
Madhya Pradesh Archaeology Department unearthed rare historical documents of 1857 uprising.
- Discoveries – a map, painting of Queen Jhansi, Tantya Tope 1857 letter
- Tatya Tope 1857 Letter –
- The letter was signed by Tatya tope, shows –
- 1857 Revolt was not entirely spontaneous but involved careful planning and consultation.
- Also traces Tatya Tope’s movements across central India, including Baitul, Gadakota, Gwalior, Jhansi, and Shivpuri, during the lead-up to the uprising.
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Angen film – National Award for Best Debut Film of a Director
- Santhali-language film Angen (Invisible) won the National Award for Best Debut Film of a Director in the non-feature category at the 72nd National Film Awards.
- It marks the very first time a Santhali-language film has been honored in the history of Indian cinema.
About the film
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- Director – Ravi Raj Murmu.
- Recently Constitution was also released in Santali language using Ol chiki script.
- It is the first-ever official translation of the Constitution of India in the Santhali language.
- Santhali was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003.
- December 25, 2025 - also marked the birth centenary year of the Ol Chiki script created by Pandit Raghunath Murmu.
- Ol Chiki script - primarily spoken by the Santhal community in Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal.
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International Relations and Issues
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5th BRICS Meeting on Geospatial Technologies
5th BRICS Meeting on Geospatial Technologies recently held in Yerpedu campus in Andhra Pradesh.
- Hosted by – IIT-Tirupati in collaboration with its Navavishkar I-Hub Foundation (IITNiF).
- Objective – To explore and strengthen cooperative avenues in cutting-edge geospatial technology.
- Theme – ‘Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability’.
- Focus – ‘Geospatial Technologies and its Applications’.
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Indian President’s visit to Moldova and North Macedonia
President of India is currently visiting Moldova and North Macedonia (European countries) marks first ever visit by an Indian president.
Republic of North Macedonia
- Alliances – Member of NATO; an official candidate for European Union (EU) membership.
- North Macedonia is a landlocked Balkan country in Southeast Europe.
- It is bordered by Serbia, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Greece, and Albania.
- The capital and largest city is Skopje, famous for its grand monuments and the Vardar River.
Moldova
- Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked nation located in Eastern Europe.
- It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south.
- Capital & largest city – Chisinau.
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New Chairman of ECOWAS
Senegal’s President, Bassirou Faye, has been elected as the new Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
- Bassirou Faye succeeds Sierra Leone’s President, Julius Maada Bio.
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
- It is a 12-member regional political and economic union
- Headquartered in – Abuja, Nigeria.
- Formed in – 1975.
- The bloc aims to achieve collective self-sufficiency, promote economic integration, and maintain regional peace.
- Member States – Benin, Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (currently suspended), Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
- Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso formally withdrew from the bloc in January 2025 to form the Alliance of Sahel States.
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8th Meeting of BRICS Heads of Prosecution Services
Recently 8th Meeting of BRICS Heads of Prosecution Services was successfully hosted virtually by India.
- Presided over by – Attorney General for India
- Organized by – Department of Legal Affairs
- Under – Ministry of Law and Justice.
- Theme – “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability”.
- Focused on – sharing best practices in criminal adjudication and strengthening legal cooperation among BRICS nations.
- Key deliberations –
- Digitalization and AI
- Capacity Building
- Cooperation Frameworks
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International Biology Olympiad (IBO) 2026
37th International Biology Olympiad (IBO) took place recently representing 78 countries including India.
IBO 2026 –
- Location – Vilnius, Capital of Lithuania.
- Assessments – Competitors completed two challenging 6-hour exams (one theoretical, one practical) covering
- Molecular Biology, Animal Physiology, Animal Morphology and Systematics, and Plant Computational Biology.
- In this year's event, the Indian national team achieved outstanding success, bringing home 1 gold medal and 3 silver medals
- Bhavyaa Gunwal (Haryana) – Gold Medal
- Soumil Maity (West Bengal) – Silver Medal
- Nishit Kalani (Rajasthan) – Silver Medal
- Anmol Kumar (Punjab) – Silver Medal
- 2027 Olympiad – The 38th IBO will be hosted in Warsaw, Poland.
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Economy
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National Coal Gasification Mission
National Coal Gasification Mission has set the ambitious target of achieving 100 Million Tonnes (MT) of coal gasification capacity by 2030.
- National Coal Gasification Mission was launched under Ministry of Coal.
- Current status – 22.6 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) of coal gasification capacity is operational. It comprises of
- (i) Jindal Steel Limited (JSL): ~8 MTPA (operational)
- (ii) Talcher Fertilisers Limited (TFL): ~2.6 MTPA (under implementation)
- (iii) 8 Projects approved under the rs.8,500 crore Financial Incentive Scheme: ~12 MTPA (under implementation)
- Government has approved another Scheme for Promotion of Surface Coal and Lignite Gasification Projects to further progress to achieve the national target.
- It is expected to utilise approximately 75 MTPA of coal and will contribute towards achieving target of 100 MT coal gasification.
- Framework – It aims to promote production of coal-to-chemical, methanol, and Synthetic Natural Gas through coal gasification.
Coal gasification is a process that converts solid coal into syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane) using controlled amounts of steam and oxygen at extreme temperatures.
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Science
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Earth’s Second-Oldest Orbicular Rock
Geologists discovered Earth's second-oldest orbicular rock in Kutawali village, Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh recently.
- The rock was dating to approximately 2.56 billion years old
- This rare orbicular granite features spherical, tree-ring-like structures.
- It is second only to Western Australia’s formations and is a vital time capsule of Earth's early crust.
- It provides an unprecedented look into the planet's magmatic and tectonic history during the Neoarchean Era.
- The rock made up of concentric layers of quartz, mica, and feldspar.
- Scientists used U-Pb zircon dating to determine the rock's crystallization age.
- Some rock debris date back as far as 3.5 billion years.
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Index
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Global Terrorism Index 2026
- Published by – Institute for Economics & Peace, a global think tank.
- Released – Annually
- The report covers 163 countries, representing about 99.7% of the world's population.
- Pakistan was ranked 1st with the highest impact of terrorism,.
- India ranked 13th.
- Top 5 most impacted countries –
- Pakistan
- Burkina Faso
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Mali
- The overall global trend improved significantly (with 81 countries recording improvements).
- The epi center of terrorism has shifted from the Middle East to the Central Sahel.
- The Islamic State (IS) and its affiliates remain the deadliest terrorist organization globally.
- Global Peace Index (GPI) is also published by IEP
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