Tetrodotoxin (TTX)

Why in News?

Food safety authorities and doctors suspect that the severe illness in people who consumed seafood at a Vizhinjam restaurant was caused by contamination with tetrodotoxin (TTX).

• It is a highly potent, naturally occurring marine neurotoxin.
• Found in - Certain fish and marine organisms; commonly found in pufferfish, octopus (especially blue-ringed octopus), certain crabs, starfish, and marine bacteria.
• Produced by symbiotic bacteria, not by the fish itself.
• Nature of toxin - It is a non-protein, heat-stable neurotoxin (not destroyed by cooking or freezing).
• Even very small amounts can be fatal.
• Mechanism of action - Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells.
• This prevents transmission of nerve impulses, causing paralysis.
• Symptoms of poisoning
  • Early - Numbness of lips and tongue, tingling sensation
  • Moderate - Vomiting, dizziness, muscle weakness.
  • Severe - Paralysis, respiratory failure, and death in extreme cases.
• Treatment - No specific antidote available
• Treatment is mainly supportive care, especially respiratory support
• Public health significance - Recognized as a serious marine toxin risk by organizations such as the World Health Organization.
• Associated with food poisoning from contaminated seafood, especially in coastal regions.

Reference

The Hindu | Tetrodotoxin