Salmonella Outbreak

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Why in News?

A salmonella outbreak tied to eggs from a California-based distributor has led to illnesses and hospitalizations across multiple states, according to U.S. health officials.

• Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract.
• Caused by - It is usually caused by eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and eggs or egg products or by drinking unpasteurized milk.
• Transmission - Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through stool (feces).
• Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food.
• It spreads person-to-person via contaminated hands, surfaces, and utensils.
• Close contact with infected individuals or animals increases risk, especially in poor hygiene conditions.
• Symptoms
  • Upset stomach
  • Bloody stool
  • Diarrhea
  • Fever with chills
  • Pain and cramps in belly
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache
  • Loss of appetite
• Some people with salmonella infection have no symptoms.
• Most people develop diarrhea, fever and stomach (abdominal) cramps within 8 to 72 hours after exposure.
• Most healthy people recover within a few days to a week without specific treatment.
• In some cases, diarrhea can cause severe dehydration and requires prompt medical attention.
• Severity - Life-threatening complications also may develop if the infection spreads beyond the intestines.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over a million people in the US get infected, and around 420 deaths are reported each year.

Reference

Hindustan Times | Salmonella outbreak in US