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JOHA RICE

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March 14, 2026

Prelims: Current events of national and international importance | Agriculture and Development
Why in News?

The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA facilitated the first export consignment of Joha Rice from Assam to the United Kingdom and Italy.

  • It is a premium short-grain aromatic rice variety indigenous to the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam.
  • It is known as Joha/Jaha rice or Mi Jaha and is often referred to as “scented gold” due to its distinctive natural fragrance.
  • Historical Background - Historical evidence indicate that Joha rice has been cultivated in Assam for over 600 years.
  • During the Ahom dynasty (13th-19th centuries), Joha rice was considered a regal food and used as a staple energy source for soldiers during battles with the Mughal Empire.
  • Aroma and Taste – Joha rice is known for its mild floral fragrance and soft texture.
  • Aroma is often compared to popcorn or sandalwood.
  • The fragrance is caused by the aromatic compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.
  • Characteristics – Grain Type-Short-grain rice.
  • Cultivation method- Paddy field farming.
  • Growing season- Sali (winter) or Kharif crop.
  • Crop duration- 120–160 days.
  • Yield- Low productivity (about 1–1.5 tonnes per hectare)
  • Resilience - Some varieties such as White Joha show drought tolerance.
  • Soil and Climate –Thrives in fertile rain-fed lowlands and floodplains of the Brahmaputra valley.
  • Requires cool temperatures during flowering stage.
  • Nutritional and Health Benefits - Contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
  • Rich in polyphenols and flavonoids (antioxidants)
  • High in protein and amino acids
  • Contains oryzanol and multivitamins
  • Naturally low in sodium and cholesterol-free
  • Studies indicate potential benefits for blood glucose regulation and heart health.
  • Major Producing Regions – Primarily Cultivated in Assam (Upper and Central Assam).
  • It is also traditionally grown in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya.
  • Geographical Indication (GI) Tag Joha rice received GI Tag in 2017.
  • Major Export Destinations –Europe - (United Kingdom, Italy)
  • Southeast Asia - (Vietnam).
  • Middle East - (Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia).

Reference

  1. PIB | Joha Rice
  2. Ministry of Science and Technology | Joha rice

 

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