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One Liners 07-03-2026
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History, Art and Culture
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Nazca Civilization
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Located in – Southern Peru, South America.
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Created between – 200 BC and 650 AD.
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Nazca Lines – It remains one of archaeology’s greatest mysteries.
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These enormous desert patterns depict animals, plants, geometric shapes, and human figures, visible only from the air.
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Decades of study have yet to explain why the Nazca civilisation created these designs.
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AI – “Archaeologists use AI to uncover hidden Nazca geoglyphs; in 6 months, 303 new figures were found, nearly doubling known sites.
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This marks a 3rd era of discovery such as ancient builders, aircraft revealing scale, and now AI mapping the bigger picture.”
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Return of Thirumangai Alvar Statue
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Origin – Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu.
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Period – 16th century bronze statue of Saint Thirumangai Alvar.
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Acquisition by – Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, in 1967 from private collector J.R.Belmont.
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Discovery – Independent French scholar linked the bronze to a 1957 photograph from the temple archives.
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Return – Ashmolean Museum returned the statue to the Government of India (High Commission in London) after detailed provenance research.
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Geography
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Red Sand Dunes of Theri Kaadu
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Theri Kaad is a little-known desert of striking red sand dunes formed by iron-rich soil.
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Located in – Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu.
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Unlike Rajasthan’s golden sands, these dunes glow rust-red under the sun.
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The landscape, dotted with palm trees and small villages, creates a rare coastal-desert contrast.
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Social Issues
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UN Report on Women
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Key findings
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Women hold only 64% of men’s legal rights.
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No country has achieved full legal equality for women and girls.
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54% of nations lack consent-based rape laws.
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3 in 4 countries still allow child marriage.
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44% of countries lack equal pay laws.
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Highlight – The rising digital violence and sexual violence in conflicts, which increased 87% in two years.
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Urgent action – At 70th Commission on the Status of Women (CSW70), UN Women is urging decisive measures under the theme ‘Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls.’
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Women Empowerment – Gender Empowerment Casebook
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Legal Aid – NyayaSakhi (SWATI, Maharashtra) – AI-supported legal assistant for domestic violence survivors, offering guidance on rights, remedies, and case timelines.
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STEM Promotion – AtenIA (Peru) – “Phygital” mentoring model (books + conversational AI) that redirects biased prompts to highlight women’s leadership in STEM; intention to pursue STEM rose from 9% to 76%.
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Digital Literacy – YASHODA AI – Empowers rural and semi-urban women to spot AI-driven harms such as deepfakes and financial scams.
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Agricultural Advisory & Credit – MetsaQ (Odisha) – Voice-based advisories via small language models, partnered with SHGs; 42% women users, with 34% farmers accessing formal credit.
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Pad Yatras
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Held under – Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP).
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Organized at – 30+ locations across India with thousands of participants.
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Objective – To raise awareness about affordable, quality generic medicines.
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Awareness – Medicines at Jan Aushadhi Kendras cost 50–80% less than branded alternatives, reducing healthcare expenses without compromising quality.
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Global Burden of Disease data (1990–2023)
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India’s burden (2023)
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Type 2 diabetes – ~21 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 5.8 lakh deaths.
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High systolic BP – ~3.8 crore DALYs, 15.7 lakh deaths.
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Rising risks – High BMI (2.7–2.9% annually), LDL cholesterol, MASLD.
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Regional trends –
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India overtook China in DALYs for diabetes, topping the list.
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For other risk factors, India ranks second but is closing the gap with China.
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Together, both countries represent the heaviest global burden.
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Polity & Governance
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Appointment of Lieutenant Governor (LG)
President appointed Taranjit Singh Sandhu as the new Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, succeeding Vinai Kumar Saxena.
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Constitutional Basis
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Articles 239-241 – Part VIII governs Union Territories (UTs).
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Article 239 – Every UT is administered by the President of India through an Administrator appointed by him, with a designation specified by the President.
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Appointment Process
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Article 239AA – Specifically mandates that Delhi’s Administrator shall be designated as the LG.
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Article 74 – President acts on the aid & advice of the Council of Ministers, Central Government recommends LG.
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Tenure & Removal
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Holds office “during the pleasure of the President.”
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No fixed term or constitutional grounds for removal.
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Central Government can advise the President to transfer, remove, or seek resignation of an LG at any time.
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Agriculture
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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture (Casebook)
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Yield Prediction – MapMyCrop utilizes multi-sensor satellite imagery to forecast sucrose peaks in sugarcane, resulting in a 57% improvement in yield.
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Soil Chemistry – Chemistry-Aware Crop Yield Prediction employs physics-guided machine learning with satellite data to identify toxicities and nutrient imbalances, facilitating a 28% reduction in nitrogen use while increasing yields.
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Advisory Systems – MahaVISTAAR (Maharashtra) and FarmAdvice (Africa) utilize natural language processing and voice-first interfaces to provide expert-reviewed guidance in local dialects regarding pest outbreaks and weather anomalies.
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Science
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Linking Patients' Digital Health Records (ABHA-IDs)
National Medical Commission (NMC) has directed medical colleges to link all patients’ ABHA) IDs.
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Objectives –
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To ensure objective verification by eliminating fake patients.
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To increase transparency in medical college evaluations.
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To strengthen the digital health ecosystem with secure, paperless records.
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Additional directives –
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Notes
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ABHA-ID – A unique 14-digit number under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) that enables digital health record linkage for Indian patients.
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HFR serves as a centralized repository of public and private healthcare facilities in India.
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