Prelims: Current events of national and international importance | Reports & Indices
Why in News?
The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) has published the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2026.
- The index assesses the innovation performance of 139 economies and highlights the top 100 innovation clusters globally.
Global Innovation Index (GII)
- Released by – World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
- First published – 2007.
- 2026 edition – 19th edition.
- Coverage – 139 economies.
- Purpose – To evaluate innovation performance, analyze innovation ecosystems, and identify prominent innovation clusters.
- Significance – It is utilized by governments and international organizations to inform science, technology, and innovation policy development.
- Key Indicators – It comprises approximately 80 indicators, which are organized into two sub-indices of equal weight.
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Innovation Input Sub-Index
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Innovation Output Sub-Index
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- Assesses the conditions that facilitate innovation.
- Five pillars:
- Institutions
- Human capital and research
- Infrastructure
- Market sophistication
- Business sophistication
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- Evaluates the outcomes of innovative activities.
- Two pillars:
- Knowledge and technology outputs
- Creative outputs
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Overall GII score = Average of (Input Score + Output Score)
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Additional Significant Rankings
- Japan is ranked 12th.
- Hong Kong, China is ranked 14th.
- Europe accounts for 14 of the 25 leading economies.
- Asia is represented by five economies in the top 25.
- Switzerland has maintained its position at the top of the Global Innovation Index (GII) for the 16th consecutive year.
Global Innovation Clusters
- Innovation Clusters – It refers to geographical regions characterized by a high concentration of innovation-related activities.
- Since 2016, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has identified these clusters using a bottom-up approach that is not limited by administrative or political boundaries.
- Three indicators
- Location of inventors listed in published patent applications.
- Location of authors of published scientific articles.
- Location of firms receiving venture capital (VC) investment.
Reference
Indian Express | GII 2026
