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One Liners 03-07-2025
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History, Art and Culture
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Harappan Discovery in Gujarat
A 5,300-year-old Early Harappan settlement and burial site was found recently in Lakhapar village, Kutch, Gujarat.
- Findings - Archaeologists unearthed an Early Harappan living area and a unique burial from around 3300-2600 BCE.
- Unique Burial - The burial, a first for Gujarat, was directly in a pit with pottery linked to older Chalcolithic cultures.
- Signs of Interaction - The site shows Harappan-style buildings and pottery, suggesting trade and interaction with Sindh.
- Wider Network - This discovery, along with a nearby cemetery, hints at a larger ancient cultural network in Gujarat.
- Historical Impact - It challenges past ideas, showing different ancient groups lived together and expands our understanding of Early Harappan influence.
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Geography
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Ghana
India's Prime Minister will make a two-day state visit to Ghana, the first by an Indian PM in over three decades.
- About Ghana Located in West Africa, Ghana's capital is Accra. It borders Burkina Faso, Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean.
- Land Features Ghana has ancient plains, with the Akwapim-Togo Ranges featuring Mount Afadjato, its highest peak.
- Major Rivers - The Volta River system is key.
- Lake Volta - Being one of the world's largest artificial lakes, formed by the Akosombo Dam.
- Diverse Soils - Ghana's soils vary from common lateritic soils to fertile ochrosols, good for farming, and heavy Akuse clays.
- Coastal Zones -Less fertile coastal savanna zones are dominated by vleisols and acidic gray earths.
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Polity & Governance
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ELI Scheme: Boosting Jobs in India
The Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme, Recently approved in aims to create jobs, especially in manufacturing.
- Launched by - Ministry of Labour & Employment
- Big Goal It's part of a ₹2 lakh crore initiative to help 4.1 crore youth, targeting over 3.5 crore new jobs in two years.
- Two Main Parts Part A helps new employees, while Part B supports employers.
- Help for New Employees (Part A) First-time employees (EPFO registered) get one month's salary (up to ₹15,000) in two payments, linked to a financial literacy program.
- Support for Employers (Part B) Employers get up to ₹3,000 monthly for each new hire (up to ₹1 lakh salary) for two years, with extra benefits for manufacturing jobs.
- Simple Payments Payments are made directly to employees via Aadhaar and to employers' PAN-linked accounts for transparency.
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Bihar Pioneers Mobile e-Voting
Bihar has recently launched India's first mobile e-voting system for local elections, with 70.2% participation via the "E-SECBHR" app.
- New system - Allows eligible voters to cast votes remotely using a secure mobile app, developed by C-DAC.
- Aims to - Make voting easier for the elderly, disabled, pregnant women, and those far from polling booths, promoting digital access.
- Procedure - Voters download the app, link their phone number, and verify their ID using facial recognition to vote on election day.
- Security Features - It uses blockchain technology for secure, unchangeable votes, facial recognition, and strict login rules to prevent tampering.
- Big Impact - This initiative sets a precedent for digital election reform, with Bibha Kumari being the first to vote by phone, potentially influencing future national elections.
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International Relations and Issues
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Pakistan Leads UN Security Council
On July 1, 2025, Pakistan started its month-long role as President of the UN Security Council. This is a big moment in their two-year term.
- Pakistan's leadership -is important as global conflicts and crises are increasing.
- Main Goals - Pakistan aims for transparent leadership, focusing on UN rules, peaceful solutions, and global teamwork.
- Key Meetings Pakistan's Ambassador Asim Iftikhar Ahmad will lead, with Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar chairing major debates on peace, Palestine, and cooperation with the OIC.
- Strategic Focus Pakistan plans to discuss India's actions and will influence Afghan peace as chair of the Taliban Sanctions Committee.
- Crucial Time This presidency happens amid growing global conflicts and demands for UN changes.
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Security
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INS Udaygiri
On July 1, 2025, the Indian Navy received INS Udaygiri, a new stealth warship. It's the second of seven advanced Project 17A frigates.
- Advanced Warships - Project 17A frigates are upgraded versions with better stealth and weapons, capable of operating in deep seas.
- Smart Construction - Udaygiri was built quickly using a smart "Integrated Construction" method, reflecting India's own design skills.
- Powerful Features - It has a larger hull, a combined diesel and gas engine, and advanced missiles for defense.
- Made in India - This project boosts self-reliance, creating over 4,000 direct and 10,000 indirect jobs, involving many small businesses.
- More to Come - Five more such warships are being built, expected by late 2026, further strengthening India's navy.
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Brazil Eyes India's Akash Missile System
Recently Brazil has shown Interest to buy India's Akash Air Defence System after its success in 'Operation Sindoor,' ahead of the 17th BRICS Summit.
- Akash is - A medium-range, mobile missile system built in India. It protects against enemy aircraft, drones, and missiles.
- Made in India - DRDO, BDL, and BEL developed Akash as part of the 'Make in India' initiative for self-reliance in defence.
- Key Features - It has a range of 4.5 to 25 km, flies at supersonic speeds, and can be quickly deployed on mobile platforms.
- Proven Success - Akash has a strong operational record, proving its effectiveness in real combat situations.
- Boost for Exports - Brazil's interest highlights Akash's potential for export, boosting India's defence manufacturing and global partnerships.
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Science
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Drones Revolutionize Blood Delivery
Drones are recently being used to deliver blood and its parts, as shown by an Indian study. This helps in emergencies, especially in hard-to-reach places.
- Faster Deliveries - Drones are much quicker than cars, cutting delivery times significantly for crucial blood supplies.
- Keeping Blood Safe - Blood needs to stay at the right temperature to be safe. Drones are being tested to ensure this "cold chain" isn't broken.
- Drones vs. Roads - A study found drones delivered blood 36 km in 8 minutes, while roads took 55 minutes, proving drones' speed.
- Challenges Ahead - Environmental factors and India's varied landscape pose challenges for widespread drone use.
- Global Success - Other countries like Rwanda and Italy already use drones for blood transport successfully, showing it's a good option.
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Kombucha
A Recent study shows kombucha, a fermented tea, can improve gut bacteria in people with obesity.
- Kombucha- It's a bubbly, fermented tea, considered a functional food for its digestive and immune benefits.
- Ingredients- Made from tea and SCOBY (bacteria and yeast), it contains probiotics, antioxidants, vitamins, and organic acids.
- Health Perks - It helps rebalance gut microbes by increasing good bacteria and reducing harmful ones linked to metabolic issues.
- Gut Protection - Kombucha's compounds may boost gut mucus, improving the gut barrier and potentially reducing inflammation.
- Widely Marketed -This tangy, fizzy drink is sold in India as a health-focused beverage, with effects varying by individual.
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Japan Launches Climate Satellite
Japan, recently launched the GOSAT-GW satellite, its 50th and final H-2A rocket mission. This satellite monitors greenhouse gases and water cycles.
- Purpose of GOSAT-GW - It's the third in Japan's series to collect vital global data on climate-changing gases and water patterns.
- Built - JAXA (Japan's space agency) developed it with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries handling the launch.
- Key Mission Goals - The satellite will track carbon dioxide, methane, ocean temperatures, clouds, and rain to support climate policy.
- Advanced Features - GOSAT-GW offers highly accurate, real-time data, uniquely focusing on both greenhouse gases and water.
- Global Impact- It boosts climate science, aids international agreements like the Paris Agreement, and marks a new era for Japan's space program.
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Index
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Bihar Pioneers Mobile e-Voting
Bihar has recently launched India's first mobile e-voting system for local elections, with 70.2% participation via the "E-SECBHR" app.
- New system - Allows eligible voters to cast votes remotely using a secure mobile app, developed by C-DAC.
- Aims to - Make voting easier for the elderly, disabled, pregnant women, and those far from polling booths, promoting digital access.
- Procedure - Voters download the app, link their phone number, and verify their ID using facial recognition to vote on election day.
- Security Features - It uses blockchain technology for secure, unchangeable votes, facial recognition, and strict login rules to prevent tampering.
- Big Impact - This initiative sets a precedent for digital election reform, with Bibha Kumari being the first to vote by phone, potentially influencing future national elections.
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