A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Turku, Finland, analysed 14,600+ gut genomes and gave insights into how gender affects antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic Resistance– Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve to survive antibiotics that would normally kill them.
It is a major global health challenge, projected to cause over 39 million deaths in the next 25 years.
Key Findings
Gender differences– The study found that antibiotic resistance trends differ by gender, particularly in adulthood.
These differences may arise due to lifestyle, biological, or healthcare-related factors.
HIC vs. LMIC Trends– In High-Income Countries (HICs): Women had more antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).
In Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): Men had more ARGs.
Higher ARG load in women (HICs) – On average, women in HICs had a 9% higher ARG load than men.
They also showed slightly more diversity in resistant genes in the gut microbiome.
Possible reasons for gender disparity– Women may be more exposed to antibiotics, resistant bacteria, or are frequent carriers of such bacteria.
Differences may also stem from healthcare-seeking behaviour, biological makeup, or microbiome composition.
Effect on age– The number and diversity of ARGs were highest in infants and the elderly.
Role of Antibiotic usage– High antibiotic usage was directly associated with higher resistance gene load and greater diversity.
This was especially noticeable in regions with poor hygiene and sanitation.
Importance of the study– Highlights the need for gender-sensitive public health interventions.
Helps design equitable antibiotic policies and personalized treatments for different populations.
It aligns with global efforts to tackle antibiotic resistance through precision health strategies.
