Extension of State Laws to Chandigarh

Property Valuation & Taxes (Punjab)

• Previous – Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (as applied to Punjab/Chandigarh)

• Present – The Indian Stamp (Punjab Amendment) Acts, 2001 and 2003.

• Largely based on the declared value.
• Easy evasion.

• Stricter valuation of properties and collection of stamp duty.
• Legal mechanism to detect and correct undervaluation.
• Enhances transparency and reduces tax evasion in property transactions.

Village Land Records (Punjab)

• Previous
• No formal framework for recording ownership in Abadi Deh (traditional habitation) areas.

• Present – Punjab Abadi Deh Act, 2021

• Legal process for survey and recording of ownership rights
• Creates formal Records of Rights
• Reduces disputes
• Supports land administration, and enables collateral use for loans.

Travel Agent Regulation (Punjab)

• Previous – The Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860

• Present – Punjab Prevention of Human Smuggling Act, 2012 (Amendment 2014) –

• Primary tool used by police, but only after a crime (like cheating or fraud) had already occurred.
• It did not require agents to register or follow specific business standards.

• Mandatory licensing
• Enforcement and penal provisions
• Protects citizens (students, job seekers) from smuggling scams.

Fire Safety (Haryana)

• Previous – The Punjab Fire Prevention and Fire Safety Act, 1991

• Present – Haryana Fire and Emergency Services Act, 2022

• Outdated rules
• Manual renewals
• Vague penalties

• Risk‑based fire safety regime
• Streamlined approvals
• Longer validity of certificates
• Rationalised penalties
• Improves safety of life and property while reducing compliance burden.

Rental Housing (Assam)

• Previous – East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949

• Present – Assam Tenancy Act, 2021 (aligned with Model Tenancy Act, 2021)

• Tenant biased.
• Difficult eviction.
• Unfair rent controls.

• Balanced framework Mandatory written agreements
• Rent Tribunal for speedy dispute resolution
• Clear landlord‑tenant rights and obligations
• Promotes transparency and rental housing availability.

Quick Facts

• UTs in India are federal administrative units governed directly by the Union Government, established primarily for strategic, security, or administrative reasons rather than as self-governing states.
• They are designated under Part VIII (Articles 239 to 242) of the Constitution.
• Currently, there are eight UTs: Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry.

Key Constitutional Articles for Union Territories:

• Article 239 - Deals with the administration of UTs by the President through an appointed administrator (Lieutenant Governor or Administrator).
• Article 239AA - Contains special provisions for the National Capital Territory of Delhi, creating a legislative assembly.
• Article 240 - Empowers the President to make regulations for the peace, progress, and good government of certain UTs (e.g., Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Puducherry).
• Article 241 - Enables Parliament to create High Courts for Union Territories