Demographic Shift India

Why in News?

Recently, the report released by Sample Registration Survey, India has seen a decline in its birth rate, with the Total Fertility Rate dropping for the first time in two years.

• Crude Birth Rate (CBR) – The number of live births in a population over a given period, usually 1 calendar year, divided by the midyear population of the same jurisdiction, multiplied by 1000.
• It has declined 0.7-point from 19.1 in 2022 to 18.4 in 2023.
  • Highest CBR - Bihar at 25.8
  • Lowest CBR - Tamil Nadu at 12.
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – It refers to the number of live births per 1000 women in the child-bearing age group, usually taken to be 15 to 49 years.
• 18 States and UTs had reported a TFR of below the replacement level TFR of 2.1.

• Crude Death Rate (CDR) – The CDR is the total number of deaths in a year divided by the average total population.
• CDR was at 6.4 in 2023, a 0.4-point decline from 2022.
• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) – The number of deaths of babies before the age of one year per 1000 live births.
• 1-point decline in the IMR nationally from 2022.
• IMR was at 25 in 2023, a decline of 7 points over the last 5 years, 1 in every 40 infants nationally dies within one year of life.
• 2023 Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) – The sex ratio, the number of females per 1000 males in a given area at a specified time period, in the country stood at 917.

Elderly Population (60+ years) – The proportion of the elderly in the country (people above 60) rose by 0.7 percentage points in a year to 9.7% of the population.

• Highest Proportion – Kerala - 15%
• Lowest Proportion – Assam (7.6%), Delhi (7.7%), and Jharkhand (7.6%)

Reference

The Hindu| Survey Statistical Report of Demographic Shift in India