Cathespsin B

Prelims: Current events of National and International Importance | Health

Why in News?

Researchers at the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) have made a significant discovery that could lead to new strategies for extending female fertility.

• Recent Findings - The team has uncovered a molecular clue that appears to slow down reproductive aging.
• Using both live mouse models and cultured goat ovaries, they found that reducing the activity of a cellular protein called ‘Cathepsin B’ (Cat B) helps preserve the ovarian reserve.
• Ovarian reserve - It is the finite pool of egg cells (oocytes) that female mammals are born with.
• Unlike sperm, these crucial egg cells cannot be regenerated.
• Declining factors - Over time, the quantity and quality of the eggs naturally decline because of oxidative stress, inflammation, and general cellular wear, and it accelerates with age.
• Process - ‘Cat B,’ a protein-degrading enzyme, seems to be a key driver of this decline.
• By lowering its levels, the egg loss may be delayed, effectively extending fertility naturally.
• For farmers, a simple intervention to extend the reproductive lifespan of livestock could
  • Improve herd productivity,
  • Reduce stray cattle populations, and
  • Support the incomes of smallholder farmers.
• Advantages – It navigates the twin challenges of rural sustainability and reproductive health.

Reference

The Hindu | ‘Cathepsin B’ (Cat B)