- Scientific Name - Pycnonotus cafer
- It is a dark, sleek, medium-sized bird with a black crest and a white rump. The red color under the tail is often difficult to see.
- Habitat - It often seen high in trees or perched on wires in urban and rural areas; generally prefers scrubby edge habitat instead of dense forest.
- Distribution - Native to South and Southeast Asia.
- Conservation status
- IUCN Red List - Least Concern
- Schedule II of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
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- Scientific Name - Bubalus arnee.
- It is also called Asian buffalo and Asiatic buffalo.
- Wild water buffalo are larger and heavier than domestic buffalo.
- It is a large bovine native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
- In India, they are largely restricted to in and around Kaziranga, Manas and Dibru-Saikhowa National Parks, Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary and Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary and in a few scattered pockets in Assam; and in and around D'Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh.
- It is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List
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