African Grey Foam Nest Tree Frog

Why in News?

Recently, A study published highlights the unique communal nesting behaviour of the African grey foam‑nest tree frog, revealing how cooperation among multiple frogs enhances survival of offspring.

• Common Name – African Grey Foam‑Nest Tree Frog.
• Scientific Name – Chiromantis xerampelina.
• Habitat – Tree branches overhanging pools in South Africa.
• Adaptation – Eggs laid in aerial foam nests rather than water.

Nesting Behaviour

• Foam Nest Construction – Female secretes fluid; male and female mix it with hind legs into froth; nests built during rainy season (October–February).
• Eggs hatch inside; tadpoles drop into pool below.
• Cooperative Strategy – Often dozens of males join a female, creating nests up to three times larger, larger nests retain moisture longer, preventing egg dryness.
• Paternity Split – DNA testing shows multiple males father offspring in communal nests, ensuring survival of at least some offspring.
• Surfactants – Male skin secretions suspected to contain compounds that stabilize bubbles, preventing collapse.
• Evolutionary Trade‑Offs – Large nests attract predators, spread diseases faster, and risk “cheater” females who lay eggs without contributing fluids.

An aerial foam nest protects developing tadpoles by providing a safe, moist nursery and then drops them directly into water, while aquatic egg laying leaves immobile embryos exposed to predators and water fluctuations.

Reference

The Hindu | African grey foam‑nest tree frog