3-D computer forecasting Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)

Why in news?

Scientists have developed a 3-D computer simulation model that could help improve the forecasting of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and predict their characteristics.

• Objective – To trace how magnetic energy accumulates in the Sun’s outer atmosphere and is eventually released during powerful solar eruptions.
• Study led by –
  • Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), under the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
  • Collaboration with researchers from the United States, Hungary and Finland.
• At the centre of these CMR’s are magnetic flux ropes (MFRs)-twisted structures made up of magnetic field lines embedded in solar plasma.
  • MFR’s are considered key triggers of CMEs.
• The 3D MHD model traces the complete evolution of a magnetic flux rope.
• Process – Magnetic reconnection occurs when opposing magnetic field lines rearrange, releasing stored magnetic energy and accelerating solar plasma.
  • Initially slow, it intensifies through a thin current sheet, ultimately causing the rapid eruption of the magnetic flux rope.
• Key Finding – The study found a clear relationship between the rate of magnetic reconnection and CME acceleration.
  • Higher reconnection rate → greater CME acceleration.
• Therefore, reconnection flux could help predict the speed and energy of a CME, their potential impact on Earth.
• The model's results were validated using real-world data from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (specifically the HMI and AIA instruments).
• Significance – The findings help improve in preparedness to protect infrastructures.

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Reference

DD News| New computer model forecast solar storms