Residual Legatee

• It deals with all such subjects that are not allotted to any ministry/department.

• The Residual Legatee, at the central level is performed by the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister who is the administrative head of the PM office (PMO).
• The Chief Secretary is the Residual Legatee at the state level, while the Cabinet Secretary does not perform this legal function at the Centre.

Legal Information Management & Briefing System (LIMBS)

• It is a web based portal developed by Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Law & Justice for monitoring and handling of various court cases of Govt. Departments and Ministries.
• It aims to create a National Portal of all cases pending in various courts/ Tribunals as a part of the e-Governance initiative.
• Tele-law service: It is aimed at facilitating delivery of legal advice through an expert panel of lawyers stationed at the State Legal Services Authorities (SLSA).
• Nyaya Mitra: It is aimed at reducing pendency of cases across selected districts, with special focus on those pending for more than 10 years.

• Union Education Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan and Tribal Affairs Minister Shri Arjun Munda will jointly launch the ‘School Innovation Ambassador Training Program’ for 50,000 School Teachers.
• It aims at training 50,000 school teachers on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, IPR, Design Thinking, Product development, Idea generation etc.
• The trained teachers will be designated as Innovation Ambassador of Ministry of Education.
• They will nurture the young school students on Ideation, IPR, product development, design thinking, problem solving and critical thinking.
• The program has been conceptualised by the Ministry of Education and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).
• The program will be implemented by the Ministry of Education’s Innovation Cell, AICTE and CBSE.

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted the third long-duration hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas engine for the Gaganyaan programme, the country’s first manned mission to space.
• The test was done for the core L110 liquid stage of the human rated GSLV MkIII vehicle.

Gaganyaan Programme

• The objective of the Gaganyaan programme is to demonstrate the capability to send humans to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) onboard an Indian launch vehicle and bring them back to earth.
•  ISRO’s heavy-lift launcher GSLV Mk III has been identified for the mission.
• ISRO’s GSLV Mk III, which successfully carried the Chandrayaan-2 mission to space in its first operational flight, has three stages – the two solid S200 boosters fired at the launch, the core L110 liquid stage, and the upper C-25 cryogenic stage.

GAGAN

• It is an acronym for GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation.
• It is a Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) jointly developed by ISRO and AAI to provide the best possible navigational services over Indian FIR (Flight Information Region) with the capability of expanding to neighbouring FIRs.

• E.coli, bacterial resident of the human intestine, show chemotaxis in response to different chemicals present in human gastrointestinal tract.
• Chemotaxis is the directed motion of an organism toward environmental conditions it deems attractive and/or away from surroundings it finds repellent.
• Scientists have now found the condition that is most suitable for getting the best chemotactic performance.
• This finding will help track behavior of E-Coli bacteria in response to chemical signals.

Chemotaxis in other Organisms

• A sperm cell finds the ovum using chemotaxis.
• White blood cells that are needed for healing injuries find the site of injury or inflammation by chemotaxis.
• Butterflies also track flowers, and male insects reach their targets by using chemotaxis.
• Understanding chemotaxis involves how it is affected by various conditions present inside the cell or in the environment.

Ultra Violet C Radiation

• The UV is divided into three bands: UV-C (100-280 nm), UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-A (315-400 nm).
• The UV-A and UV-B rays from the Sun are transmitted through our atmosphere and all UV-C is filtered by the ozone layer.
• UV-C irradiation was highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 replication.
• Far-UVC light (207–222 nm) does not harm mammalian skin.
• The Far-UVC light has a very limited range and cannot penetrate through the outer dead-cell layer of human skin or the tear layer in the eye.

Article 311

• Article 311 of the Constitution deals with ‘Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State’.
• Under the article no civil servant can be “dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which he has been informed of the charges and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges’’.
• The safeguard of an inquiry also does not apply “where the authority is satisfied that for some reason, to be recorded by that authority in writing, it is not reasonably practicable to hold such inquiry”.
• It also shall not apply “where the President or the Governor, as the case may be, is satisfied that in the interest of the security of the State it is not expedient to hold such inquiry”.
• Only available remedy to terminated employees under this article is to challenge the government’s decision in the High Court.

Rewilding of Wild Animals

• Under National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) reintroduction of the cub into the wild after a certain time when it appears that the cub is capable of surviving in the wild independently and this is what is known as ‘Re-wilding’.
• The NTCA stresses that the tiger cub should be reared in an in situ enclosure for a minimum of two years, and during this time, each cub should have a successful record of at least 50 ‘kills’.
• The process of re-wilding of a wild animal after rearing it in captivity is very complicated, and fraught with risks.
• There are 50-50 chances of success and failure of re-wilding of hand reared carnivores in the wild.
• The chance of success is less than 1 per cent if we look at all the failures of reintroductions and failures have led to deaths of many tigers as well as serious livestock depredations, and even man-eating problems.

Space Rice Cultivation

• China has harvested the first batch of Space rice from seeds that went to a 23-day lunar voyage with China's Chang'e-5 in November 2020.
• After being exposed to cosmic radiation and zero gravity, these seeds weighing around 40 gram returned and were harvested at the space breeding research centre of the South China Agricultural University in Guangdong province.

Critically Important Antimicrobials

• It is certain antimicrobial classes classified as “Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials “for human medicine by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in the so called WHO list of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (WHO CIA list).
• It is intended as a reference to help formulate and prioritize risk assessment and risk management strategies for containing antimicrobial resistance mainly due to non-human antimicrobial use.
• “Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials“ are

1. Quinolones
2. 3rdand higher generation cephalosporins
3. Macrolides and ketolides
4. Glycopeptides
5. Polymyxins(Collstin)