Mains PYQs - GS-III (2025) (Q. 10 - 12)

10. The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE, and how are the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE?  (150 words, 10 marks)

Introduction:

Describe briefly about Left Wing Extremism with data.

Main Body

How are the people affected?

• Loss of life of people
• Displacement of tribal population
• Livelihood and development disruption.
• Economic impact
• Social consequences – manipulation, recruit in extremist groups.

Measures taken by the government

• Legal framework - Integrated Action Plan, 2009; National Policy and Action Plan, 2015.
• Security measures – CoBRA battalion, various operations by CRPF and state police.
• SAMADHAN Doctrine
• Development initiatives – Aspirational district, infrastructure projects, etc.
• Better implementation of PESA, Forest rights, etc.
• Surrender & rehabilitation measures.

Conclusion:

Give a neutral and progressive conclusion & use some quotes.

Shankar IAS Parliament: Naxal-Free India

Gist of Yojana: Left wing Extremism

11. Explain how the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) can be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India. In what way would it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies? (250 words, 15 marks)

Introduction:

Describe the Fiscal Health Index (FHI).

Main Body

How can the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India?

• Quality of expenditure
• Revenue mobilization
• Fiscal prudence
• Debt index
• Debt sustainability

How does it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies?

• Promotes fiscal discipline
• Control debt limit
• Promotes competitive federalism
• Helps attract investment
• Encourages efficient expenditure

Conclusion:

Give a positive conclusion – Like – it helps states to achieve both high growth and high development.

12. Discuss the rationale of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. What are its achievements? In what way can the functioning and outcomes of the scheme be improved? (250 words, 15 marks)

Introduction:

Describe the PLI Scheme briefly.

Main Body

Rationale behind the PLI Scheme

• Boosts domestic manufacturing.
• To increase exports.
• Reduce import dependence.
• Generate employment.
• Promote technological upgradation.
• Attract domestic and foreign investment.

Achievements

• Increased investment  - electronics, pharmaceuticals, telecom, automobiles, etc.
• Rapid growth in electronic manufacturing, especially mobile phones (2^nd largest exporter).
• Expansion of the value chain.
• Employment generation.
• Development of Industrial Ecosystems.

Measures need to be taken

• Promote R&D and innovation.
• Strengthening MSME.
• Develop a skilled workforce.
• Improve ease of implementation.
• Invest in infrastructure development.

Conclusion:

Give a positive and progressive conclusion – Like PLI Scheme represents a major shift from input-based subsidies to performance-based incentives, making it a key pillar of India's industrial policy.