4. Discuss the nature of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019. Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. (150 words, 10 marks) (2025)
Direction: Intro----Nature + Powers & Functions------Conclusion.
Introduction:
Describe briefly the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.
Main Body
Nature of J&K Legislative Assembly after Reorganisation
- Unicameral legislature
- Tenure – Reduced to 5 years from 6 years.
- Lieutenant Governor retains the power to nominate members.
- No separate constitution.
- Residuary power with Parliament.
Powers and functions of the Assembly
- Jurisdiction – State & Concurrent subjects of the 7th Schedule – except police and public order.
- Parliament retains the supreme power over the Union Territory.
- CM and council of ministers collectively responsible to the legislative Assembly.
- Assembly can pass the budget, money bill, etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude on a positive note by mentioning that J&K has a unique system, a hybrid federal structure, etc. (or) The reorganisation is necessary to ensure regional stability and development.
5. “The Attorney General of India plays a crucial role in guiding the legal framework of the Union Government and ensuring sound governance through legal counsel.” Discuss his responsibilities, rights and limitations in this regard. (150 words, 10 marks) (2025)
Direction: Intro----- responsibilities, rights and limitations-----Conclusion.
Introduction:
Give a brief about the Attorney General of India (Article 76).
Main Body
Responsibilities
- Legal adviser to the Union Government
- Gives opinion on constitutional matters.
- Represents the Union Government before the SC & HC.
- Performs legal duties assigned by the President.
- Appears on behalf of the Union in international disputes and arbitration proceedings when required.
Rights
- Right to appear before all courts in India.
- Can speak and participate in proceedings of both Houses of Parliament & Parliamentary Committees without any voting rights.
- May seek information from ministries necessary for rendering legal advice.
- Enjoys the privileges of an MP while participating in parliamentary proceedings.
Limitations
- Not a full-time government employee & continues private practice subject to restrictions.
- No voting rights in parliament.
- No fixed tenure; can be removed by the President at any time.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning – Even though Attorney General is part of union executive, he/she have links or associated all the three organs of the government.
6. “Women’s social capital complements in advancing empowerment and gender equity. Explain. (150 words, 10 marks) (2025)
Direction: Intro---- Women’s social capital complements empowerment + Challenges------Conclusion.
Introduction:
Define social capital.
Main Body
How does women's social capital complement empowerment & give some examples?
- Political – Reservation of women in parliament & Panchayati raj.
- Economic - Improve access to credit, markets, skills, and entrepreneurship.
- Technological adoption – Promote women’s access to digital services, e-commerce, and online banking by creating awareness.
- Health – Promote maternal health, nutrition, immunisation, etc.
- Employment opportunities.
- Collective Bargaining – Women's groups negotiate better wages, land rights, working conditions, etc.
Challenges
- Digital and financial gender gaps.
- Continuation of patriarchal norms.
- Limited political representation.
Conclusion:
Conclude in a positive way– mention some quotes related to women's empowerment.
