UPSC Daily Current Affairs| One Liners 05-08-2025

One Liners 04-08-2025

International Relations and Issues

Chalo India Initiative

Global Diaspora Campaign encourages its non-Indian friends to visit India, every year.

Launched in – 2024.
Launched by – Ministry of Tourism.
Objective – To increase India’s share in the global tourism market.
To promote the tourist destinations and products of the India, including the lesser-known destinations and cultural heritage sites.

Economy

Saksham Niveshak

It is a 100-day national drive campaign to create awareness about unclaimed dividends held by companies.
Launched by – The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA).
Nodal ministry – Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
Objectives – Facilitate the resolution of cases.
Support KYC and nomination updates for shareholders.
Ensure direct dividend payouts from companies to the investors.

The Investor Education & Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA)

Established in – 2016, under Companies Act, 2013.
Nodal ministry – Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
Aim – To promote financial literacy and to protect unclaimed dividends and shares across the country.
Role – It administers Investor Education Protection Fund (IEPF), make refunds of shares, unclaimed dividends, matured deposits/debentures etc.
Initiatives – Niveshak Didi, Niveshak Panchayat, and Niveshak Shivir.

Environment

Global Tiger Day 2o25

Global Tiger Day, also known as International Tiger Day.

Celebrated on – July 29, which began since 2010 at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit in Russia.
Objectives – To prevent tiger extinction and to promote habitat recovery of tigers.
2025 theme – It is not yet released.
Past taglines – “Roar for Tigers” and “Save Tigers, Save Forests, Save Life.”
Significances of tiger – They regulate food chains and maintain forest ecosystems.

Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana

It is a scheme to bring about Blue Revolution through sustainable and responsible development of fisheries sector in India.
Aim – To modernize and strengthen the value chain.
To establish a robust fisheries management framework.
To ensure the socio-economic welfare of fishers and fish farmers.

Implemented by – Department of Fisheries under Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
Implemented in – All the States and Union Territories.
Period – 5 years from FY 2020-21 to FY 2024-25.
Finance – Rs. 20, 050 crores.

Fishing Regulations

‘Fisheries’ is a State Subject.
Fishing licenses – Marine Fishing Regulation Acts (MFRAs).
Registration of vessels – Merchant Shipping Act, 1958.
ReALCraft – It is web enabled application which delivers online services for Vessel Registration and Fishing License
Prohibited fishing methods – Bull or paired trawling and use of artificial light or LED light for fishing in the EEZ of India.
Turtle excluder devices (TEDs) – It endorses sea turtle conservation by addressing interactions between sea turtles and trawl fishing gear.
Implementation of TED under – PMMSY scheme with 100% financial assistance (60% Central + 40% State).

Security

SIMBEX-25

Indian Naval Ship Satpura has arrived at Singapore to participate in the 32^nd edition of the SIMBEX.

SIMBEX – Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise.
This exercise of consists of harbour and sea phase.
Harbour phase – Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEEs), professional interactions, and operational-level discussions.
Sea phase – Advanced naval operations.
- Air defence exercises & Cross-deck helicopter operations.
- Precision targeting with surface and aerial platforms.
- Complex manoeuvring drills visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) operations.
Significance – It aligns with India’s vision of ‘MAHASAGAR’ and the Act East Policy

Science

Sarcoidosis

It is believed to be an exaggerated response of the immune system either due to a genetic disposition or due to environmental triggers.

It is a chronic inflammatory condition that can lead to permanent scarring of the affected tissues in several organs.
Symptoms – Fatigue, shortness of breath, chronic cough, skin rashes, discolouration of the nose, cheek, lips or ears.
It affects heart function mainly in men, and the skin and eyes are more prominently affected in women.
Spread – An estimated 1.2 million across the world.
Challenges – Low consciousness about sarcoidosis in India results in doctors misdiagnosing it as tuberculosis.

Drug SB431542

Scientists from ICMR and ICAR have jointly found that the drug SB431542, an ALK5 inhibitor is highly effective against the coronavirus.

SB431542 – It is originally developed to block TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) signalling and commonly used in preclinical cancer, inflammation and fibrosis.
Need – The coronavirus continues to mutate, and many existing treatments like Remdesivir and monoclonal antibodies will quickly lose effectiveness.
Working – It first blocks the virus from entering human cells by targeting the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
It disrupts the ability of the virus to assemble inside cells by interfering with ORF3a-related lysosomal dysfunction.
It also prevents the virus from killing the infected cell (a process called apoptosis), which helps stop the virus from escaping and spreading to other cells.
Testing – It was also tested against the chicken coronavirus (Infectious Bronchitis Virus or IBV) in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos.

Kavach 4.0

Indian Railways has commissioned indigenous railway safety system Kavach 4.0 on the Mathura-Kota section of Delhi-Mumbai route.

Kavach – It is an indigenously developed train safety system for speeds up to 160 kmph.
Started in – 2015, which became operational in 2018.
Aim – To prevent accidents by monitoring and controlling train speeds and enhancing the safety of passengers.
Target – Nationwide implementation within 6 Years.
Safety level – Safety Integrity Level 4 (SIL 4), is the highest level of safety design.
Components – RFID tags, Telecom towers, Loco kavach, Station kavach, Optical Fibre Cable (OFC), Signalling system.