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One Liners 03-01-2025
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Social Issues
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Mission Suraksha initiative
- It is also called as Mission COVID Suraksha, the IndianCOVID-19 Vaccine Development Mission.
- Part of – 3rd stimulus package, AtmanirbharBharat3. 0
- Objective – For promoting research and development of Indian COVID-19 vaccines.
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International Relations and Issues
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RCIC scheme
- RCIC - Rural Community Immigration Class
- Launched by – Canada
- Aim – To provide a pathway for foreign nationals, including students, to apply for PR if they commit to living and working in designated rural communities.
- Indian students in Canada – They constitute the largest share of international students in Canada, accounting for nearly 40%.
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Economy
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India in Biopharma Sector
- It currently accounts for 60% of global vaccine production.
- It is home to the 2nd largest number of USFDA-approved manufacturing plants outside the United States.
Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
- UPI – A digital payment system that allows users to make payments and transfers using a mobile app.
- Launched in – 2016.
- Developed by - National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
- Regulated by - Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
- Function – It allows users to send and receive money, pay merchants, and make peer-to-peer requests.
- Transaction limit – Rs.1 lakh per transaction and 20 transactions per day, but these limits may vary by bank and app.
- Transaction charges – They are usually free, but some banks may charge for specific services.
UPI Ecosystem in India
- It now accounting for nearly 8 in every 10 digital transactions.
- UPI penetration – It remains at 30% of the population.
- Duopoly - Extreme market concentration of 2 3rd Party App Providers (TPAPs).
- Phone Pe and Google Pay together control over 85% of the total market share.
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Environment
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Smart Compost Monitoring Solution
- It is a prototype for an intelligent IoT system that remotely monitors and manages compost which can be used as fertilizer.
- Developed by – International Institute of Information Technology – Bangalore (IIITB)
- Working – It includes a sensor hub associated with each bin to monitor the compost’s pH, temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels.
- It generates alerts using a mobile phone.
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Science
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- BIO-E3 Policy
- Bio-E3 – Biotechnology for Economy, Employment, and Environment
- Aim – To shape the country’s economy, employment landscape, and environmental sustainability in the years to come.
- Nafithromycin
- It is India’s 1st Indigenous Antibiotic through public-private collaboration.
- Launched in – 2024
- Aim – To treat both typical and atypical drug-resistant bacteria
- Under – Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) Biotech Industry Program.
- Targets - Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
- Advantages – 10 times more effective than azithromycin and offers a 3-day treatment regimen.
- Successful Gene Therapy Trial for Haemophilia
- Conducted at – Christian Medical college, Vellore
- Support of – Department of Biotechnology
- Haemophilia – A rare inherited blood disorder in which the blood doesn't clot in the typical way because it doesn't have enough blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors).
Nano-formulation of Melatonin for Parkinson's disease
- Melatonin - A neurohormone secreted from the pineal gland, an endocrine gland present in the brain.
- It regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is used to treat insomnia could be a potential inducer of mitophagy to mitigate PD.
- Parkinson's disease (PD) - A neurological disorders caused by the death of dopamine-secreting neurons in the brain due to aggregation of synuclein protein inside it.
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