Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Why in news?

Recent research in September 2026 has provided new insights into the causes and symptoms of hEDS, including associations with hormone levels and sleep-related disorders.

• Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) – It is a group of conditions that affect the connective tissue of the human body, typically loosening or weakening it.
• Connective tissue supports and provides flexibility to the skin, tendons, ligaments, bones, blood vessels, and organs.
• EDS is generally inherited and is commonly associated with hypermobility, meaning one’s joints can move past their normal range of motion.
• But hypermobile EDS, or hEDS, which often comes with a higher risk of bruising and injury, is only the most common among the 13 types of EDS, some of which are very rare.
• In fact, one of the rare forms of the condition, vascular EDS, can be life-threatening.

• Causes – EDS is caused by certain genetic changes and is generally passed down to children by their parents.
• These genetic changes affect how one’s body makes and uses collagen, a protein that gives structure and strength to joints, skin, blood vessels, and other tissues.
• However, in some people, it can occur randomly due to genetic mutations with no family history of the condition.
• Types of EDS

• Diagnosis – Most people with EDS are diagnosed through physical, not genetic, testing.
• Some of the rarer forms of EDS may be diagnosed through genetic testing.
• Treatment – There is no cure for EDS, but symptoms, especially those of hEDS, can be managed through
  • Physiotherapy and muscle-strengthening exercises
  • Pain management
  • Treatment for digestive or related symptoms
  • Avoiding activities that put excessive stress on joints, such as heavy weightlifting or contact sports
  • Engaging in lower-impact activities like swimming and Pilates
  • For some, however, the symptoms can be disabling.

Reference

The Hindu | Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome