UPSC Daily Current Affairs| One Liners 19-09-2025

One Liners 19-09-2025

Social Issues

Swachhata Hi Seva 2025

• It is a nationwide cleanliness campaign.
• Begins on – 17^th September  
• Concludes on – 2^nd October 2025, which is Gandhi Jayanti.
• Aim – To involve even more citizens, strengthen the role of local bodies, and use digital resources to ensure that cleanliness becomes a way of life.
• Theme – Swachhotsav
  • It means celebrating cleanliness like a festival, turning sanitation drives into moments of joy and togetherness.
• Key Campaigns
  • Swachh Food Streets
  • Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign
  • Waste-to-Art Projects
  • SafaiMitra Suraksha Shivir
  • Swachh Bharat Mission Cultural Fests

Polity & Governance

AI System for Auditing

• Developing by – The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
• Prototype – Large Language Model (LLM)
• Aim – To help auditors access decades of institutional knowledge, thereby improving efficiency and consistency in audit analysis using the Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered system.

Large Language Model (LLM)

• LLM – It is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) program that can recognize and generate text, among other tasks.
• Objectives –
  • To comprehend and generate human language text.
  • To analyze massive data sets of language.

Article 200

The Supreme Court has ruled that the President must decide on State Bills, reserved by Governors for Presidential assent, within three months.

• Article 200 – Governor's limited discretionary powers.
• When a bill, passed by a state legislature, is presented to the governor for his assent, he has 4 alternatives.
• 4 options  
  • Assent to the bill, or
  • Withhold his assent to the bill, or
  • May return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration of the state legislature, or
  • Reserve the bill for the consideration of the President.

International Relations and Issues

Projects in Venezuela

India to start pilot projects in venezuela.

• Priority areas – Agriculture, pharmaceuticals and digital public infrastructure.
• Aim – To boost bilateral cooperation amidst US-Venezuela tensions.

Economy

Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs)

Despite significant DII investments, Indian stock market returns remained flat.

• DIIs – They are local entities like Indian mutual funds, pension funds, banks, and insurance companies that invest in their own country's stock market and other financial instruments.
• Investment Focus – Domestic securities, such as the equities of Indian companies, and contribute to the liquidity and stability of the market.
• Long-Term Perspective – DIIs typically adopt a long-term investment horizon, which helps to balance short-term fluctuations often caused by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs).

Agriculture

Hilsa Fish Export from Bangladesh

Bangladesh approved 1,200 tonnes of hilsa fish export to India, with 1^st consignment arriving for Durga Puja, despite general ban.

• Scientific name – Tenualosa ilisha
• IUCN status – Least Concern
• Habitat – Both Saltwater and freshwater spend most of their lives in the ocean.
• Migration – For layying their eggs, they swim up into rivers.
• They travel to rivers like the Padma River and Meghna River in Bangladesh.
• Production – 70% of the world’s ilisha produced by Bangladesh.
• Characteristics – Silvery body, quite flat and pointed head.
• Grow up to about 50 cm, weighing more than 3 kg.

Science

Facial Recognition in Anganwadis

Mandatory Facial Recognition Software (FRS) in Anganwadis for Take Home Rations (THR).

• Legal basis – National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013, the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) provides Take-Home Ration (THR).
• Aim – To prevent fake beneficiaries and food theft.

Ray-Ban Display smart glasses

• Launched by – Meta, in annual developer conference, Meta Connect 2025.
• Equipped with
  • An AI assistant with cloud connectivity.
  • Cameras, microphones, and speakers.
  • A right-lens display for apps, messages, directions, and translations.
  • It uses electromyography (EMG) to detect brain-to-hand signals for subtle hand gestures, allowing users to scroll apps or select items without touching a screen.

Electromyography (EMG)

• It measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle.
• Aim – To detect neuromuscular abnormalities.