Sjögren’s Disease

Why in News?

Recently, researchers in Japan have identified a self-perpetuating interaction between different types of immune cells that helps maintain autoimmune activity in people with Sjögren’s disease.

• Sjögren’s disease – It is a long-term autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own moisture-producing glands.
• The disease mainly affects the glands responsible for producing tears, saliva, and sweat, although it can also involve other organs and tissues throughout the body.
• It is also known as Sjögren’s syndrome.
• Causes – The precise cause of Sjögren’s syndrome remains unknown, but genetic factors are believed to play a role.
• Researchers also suspect that certain triggers—including viral infections, emotional or physical stress, and hormonal changes—may contribute to the development or worsening of symptoms.
• The condition can occur at any age; however, it is most commonly diagnosed in individuals over the age of 40.
• Prevalence – Approximately 90% of adults diagnosed with Sjögren’s syndrome are women.
• Sjögren’s may develop on its own or alongside other autoimmune disorders, particularly lupus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
• Symptoms
• Dry eyes that may feel painful, burning, itchy, or gritty
• Dry mouth, which can make swallowing, speaking, or eating dry foods difficult
• Swelling of glands in the face and neck region
• Some individuals may also experience:
  • Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
  • Dry skin or skin rashes
  • Vaginal dryness
  • A persistent dry cough
  • Ongoing fatigue
• In certain cases, the disease can affect internal organs such as the liver and kidneys.
• A small number of patients may also develop lymphoma, a cancer affecting the lymphatic system.
• Treatment – Currently, there is no cure for Sjögren’s syndrome.
• Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, particularly chronic dryness of the eyes and mouth.
• This is typically achieved by improving lubrication and moisture in the affected tissues to help reduce discomfort and improve quality of life.

Reference

News Medical| Sjögren’s Disease