Sithannavasal

Why in news?

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has taken continuous steps to conserve, research, and promote the Sittanavasal monuments.

• Location – Sittanavasal, Viralimalai, Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu.
• It is famous for its 2nd-century Jain cave complex that flourished as a Jain center from the 7^th to 9^th centuries.
• "Sithannavasal" means "the abode of great saints," referring to the Jain ascetics who lived there.
• Status – Declared as a monument of national importance under the care of the ASI.

Features of the site

• Rock shelter – With Jain ascetic stone beds. The Jain Beds are collectively known as Ezhadi pattam.
• Inscriptions – Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions dating back to early centuries – a rare Brahmi Tamil script inscriptions are found near the beds.
• Arivar Temple (Meditation Hall)
  • 7^th – 9^th century CE rock-cut cave temple with with Mahavir statues
  • The ceiling of the temple is full of Fresco herbal painting dates back to Mahendravarma pallava.
• Paintings – Rare early mural paintings, reflecting Jain traditions and ancient art styles.
  • The murals are among the few surviving early examples of Indian painting traditions, comparable to Ajanta.
  • Famous paintings - royal couple, lotus tank with marine creatures.
• Burial Practices – Excavations revealed Muthumakkal Thazhi (burial pots), the Jain monks placed in pots and buried after death.
• Conservation Efforts by ASI – Special repair works and annual maintenance, continuous research and promotion of the site.
  • The mural paintings are reported to be in a good state of preservation.
• Cultural Significance – It represents the spread of Jainism in South India and showcases early religious art.
• Archaeological Importance – The inscriptions and stone beds provide insights into ascetic practices and early Tamil culture.

References

1. PIB | Historical Importance of Sithannavasal
2. Government of Tamil Nadu | Pudukkottai District