Energy Institute Report (2025)

Prelims: Sustainable development | Current events of national and international importance

Why in news?

Recently, the Energy Institute (EI) released the 74^th edition of the Statistical Review of World Energy which shows data on global energy.

Global Energy Consumption Breakdown

Increase in energy supply – Total energy supply rose by 2% in 2024, with all energy sources—oil, gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, and renewables registering increase since 2006.
Fossil fuel growth – Natural gas generation saw the largest increase among fossil fuels, growing by 2.5%.
Oil & Liquid fuels – Largest global energy source largest global total primary energy in 2024 with 33% contribution.
Coal – Remained the largest single source of global electricity generation, growing by 1.2% in 2024 to reach 10,613 TWh, despite record investments in renewables.
Surplus coal production in Asia Pacific – For 3 years, coal production exceeded demand with 2024 surplus was a record.
Natural gas – Meets 25% of total global energy demand and top producers are USA, Russia, Iran, China (53% of global production).
Renewable energy expansion – Wind and solar energy expanded by 16%, growing nine times faster than total energy demand.
Wind & Solar are fastest-growing energy sources with China contributed 57% of new capacity globally.
Renewables (including hydro) met 32% of total electricity supply
Rare Earth metals – Grew by 3.2%, reaching 0.4 million tonnes of total production and China accounts for 71% of global production and 48% of global reserves.

Global Energy Consumer index

Other Key Findings related to global warming

Record high CO2 emissions – Global carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector reached a record high for the fourth consecutive year in 2024, increasing by around 1% to 40.8 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent.
Global warming milestone – 2024 was the hottest year on record, with global temperatures exceeding 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels for the first time.
Challenges in renewable energy goals – Despite record growth in renewables, the world is not on track to meet the COP28 goal of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030.

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