Biomaterials

Why in News?

With the shift to cleaner processes to manufacture consumer products, biomaterials are the new frontier.

• Biomaterials – Biomaterials are materials derived wholly or partly from biological sources or engineered.
  • It uses biological processes, designed to replace or interact with conventional materials.
• Examples of Biomaterials –
  • Bioplastics made from plant sugars or starch
  • Bio-based fibres used in textiles
  • Biodegradable sutures and tissue scaffolds used in healthcare

• Types of biomaterials –
  • Drop-in biomaterials – Chemically identical to petroleum-based materials and usable in existing manufacturing systems (e.g., bio-PET).
  • Drop-out biomaterials – Chemically different and require new processing or end-of-life systems (e.g., PLA).
  • Novel biomaterials – Offer new properties such as self-healing materials, bioactive implants, and advanced composites.

• India’s Need for Biomaterials–
  • To reduce dependence on fossil-based imports
  • Waste reduction and support environmental sustainability
  • Generate industrial growth and new income streams for farmers
  • Enable the Indian industry to stay competitive in low-carbon global markets.
• Current Status in India –
  • India’s biomaterials sector is emerging rapidly, with the bioplastics market valued at around $500 million in 2024.
  • Major investments in domestic innovation are seen, though some technology dependence remains.
• Global Developments –
  • The EU has introduced a binding Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation recognising the benefits of compostable packaging.
  • The UAE is developing the world’s largest PLA facility.
  • The U.S. leads in biomaterials through advanced technologies and federal procurement via the USDA BioPreferred programme.

Reference

The Hindu | Biomaterials