Why in news?
Recently, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced its plan to gradually roll back quantitative easing (QE).
What is quantitative easing?
- Quantitative easing is an unconventional monetary policy to increase the money supply.
- Central banks target the supply of money by buying or selling government bonds.
- When the economy stalls and the central bank wants to encourage economic growth, it buys government bonds.
- This lowers short-term interest rates and increases the money supply.
- Central banks like the European Central Bank,U.S. Federal Reserve have adopted this policy to boost their respective economies.
What is the significance of QE policy of US?
- It is a nine year long program implemented as aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis.
- QE has been carried out in the hope that increased money supply would help stimulate the economy.
- Under the programme, the central bank has been buying bonds and other debt instruments like mortgage-backed securities from the open market.
- US also printed fresh dollars to buy these securities, it helped the nation to pump more dollars into their economy.
What are the reasons for roll back?
- The Fed’s balance sheet currently stands at $4.5 trillion, now US has grown more confident about its economy recovery.
- As the result of QE policy the quarter ending June grew at its fastest pace since 2015 and Inflation has shown some signs of strength.
- U.S is clear in rolling back its QE, as modern central banks are in the business of keeping inflation and growth at manageable levels.
How will it impact the world economy?
- Lower demand from the Federal Reserve should cause interest rates on U.S. bonds to rise from their current, historically low levels.
- This is likely to make these bonds more attractive to investors, as they can now be purchased at lower prices in order to earn higher yields.
- Investors are likely to sell their other investments offering lower returns to invest in U.S. bonds, which could cause some turbulence in global financial markets.
How this will impact India?
- The Indian stock market has witnessed a steady outflow of foreign capital as foreign institutional investors have sold out their holdings to invest elsewhere.
- The rupee has also shown weakness as investors pull money out of India.
- This trend is likely to continue until the risk-adjusted returns on various investments equalise.
Source: The Hindu
