Prelim Bits 26-07-2019

Rising dengue cases in Mumbai

Mumbai registered its first dengue death this year and already 71 dengue cases have been confirmed by the BMC.
Dengue is the fast emerging ‘mosquito-borne viral infection’.
It flourishes in urban poor areas, suburbs mostly in tropical and subtropical countries.
The dengue virus (DEN) comprises four distinct serotypes, which belong to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae.
The ‘Aedes aegypti’ mosquito is the main vector.
‘Aedes aegypti’ mosquito breeds in freshwater. ( unlike Malaria mosquito (Anopheles) breeds in any water accumulating in open areas).
The breeding sites can be domestic atmosphere, under refrigerator plates, water containers, ACs in households.
The mosquito mainly acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person.
It develops severe flu-like symptoms which includes,

In India it peaks from Monsoon every year.
It is prevalent in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Delhi, Harayana, Punjab, West Bengal and most of southern India.
There is no specific treatment for dengue fever and the patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids.
Maintenance of the patient's circulating fluid volume is the central feature of such care.
The only current method of controlling dengue is to effectively combat the vector mosquitoes.
It is implemented using ‘Integrated Vector Management’ (IVM) approach.
IVM is a rational decision-making process for the optimal use of resources for vector control.
Dengue cases have been recorded by the ‘National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme’ (NVBDCP).

NVBDCP

It is the national level Technical Nodal office equipped with Technical Experts in the field of Public Health.
It functions under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
It is responsible for prevention and control of major Vector Borne Diseases.
It also helps in framing technical guidelines & policies, to guide the states for Programme implementation.

Census data on Migrations

Census 2011 data on migration has been released recently.
When a person is enumerated in census at a different place than her/his place of birth, then she/he is considered a ‘migrant’.
Over 45.58 crore Indians were found to be “migrants” according to the Census 2011.
The bulk of the migration takes place within individual states.
Only 11.91% (5.43 crore) had moved to one state from another, while nearly 39.57 crore had moved within their states.
In that, ‘Women’ comprised two-thirds of the total migrant population.
Marriage and employment are the major reasons for migration.

U.P and Bihar have a disproportionately high number of out-migrants.
Migrants constitute more than one-third of the population in metros like Delhi and Mumbai.
U.P has the highest share of out-migrants while Maharashtra has the highest share of in-migrants
The 4 states U.P, Bihar, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh accounted for 50% of India’s total inter-state migrants.
The most common migration path was U.P to Delhi.
U.P to Maharashtra and Karnataka to Maharashtra are also among the top migration paths.
Gujarat, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh are among the top destinations to which people migrate.
Among southern States, Karnataka to Andhra Pradesh and Kerala to Tamil Nadu are the most common migration patterns.
Tamil Nadu had 16.5 lakh immigrants in Census 2011, the largest number in the south.
The northeast States are among those with the lowest numbers of immigrants.
The 8 northeast States together accounted for just 2% of the total immigrants.
In Assam, illegal migrations from Bangladesh, where 64,117 peoples’ last place of residence was in Bangladesh.
About 38% of the migration was from rural to urban areas, while urban to urban migration accounted for the second highest 32%.

Van Dhan Vikas Kendras

It is an initiative of the ‘Ministry of Tribal Affairs’ and TRIFED.
It seeks to improve the livelihood of tribal population by harnessing the incomes through wealth of forest.
‘Van Dhan Vikas Karyakram’ is primarily a component under the Mechanism for marketing of Minor Forest Produce (MFP).
Marketing is done through Minimum Support Price (MSP).
‘Van Dhan Vikas Kendras’ will provide skill upgradation and capacity building to the traditional knowledge of tribal people.
It seeks to to convert the tribal wisdom into a remunerative economic activity.
MFP is a major source of livelihood for tribals living in forest areas.
Tribals derive 20-40% of their annual income from MFP.
So, this will help in optimum utilization of natural resources and provide sustainable MFP based livelihood for tribals.
A typical Van Dhan Vikas Kendra shall constitute of 10 tribal Van Dhan Vikas Self Help Groups (SHG).
The grass root level procurement of MFP is proposed to be undertaken through SHG.
SHGs shall be appropriately trained on sustainable harvesting, primary processing & value addition of MFP.

Poshan Abhiyaan

The POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission) is a flagship programme of the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD).
It amis to achieve improvement in nutritional status of Children (0-6 years), Adolescent Girls, Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers.
The NNM is as an apex body which monitor, fix targets and guide the nutrition related interventions across the Ministries.
It targets to reduce stunting, undernutrition, anemia and reduce low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively.
Mission 25 by 2022 – Although it targets to reduce stunting by 2%, Mission would strive to achieve reduction in Stunting from 38.4% (NFHS-4) to 25% by 2022.
Behavior change communication is the key component for converting it into Jan Andolan (People’s movement).
The Government of India and UNICEF have jointly signed the “Country Programme 2018-2022”.
The goal of the country programme is to contribute to national efforts to enable all children, especially the most disadvantaged, to have their rights progressively fulfilled.
To develop their full potential in an inclusive and protective society.
UNICEF provides technical support to MWCD for the Programme.
It is also supporting in the following matters:

Monitoring and evaluation of the programme will be anchored in the principles of results-based management and guided by verifiable data and statistics.

Source: PIB, The Indian Express